History of Philosophy: India, Africana, China

In our final episode on classical Confucianism, our interview guest tells us about the surprising moral depth of the concept of "etiquette"

Can classical Confucianism be redeemed from its reputation for rigidly hierarchical thinking when it comes to the relationship between men and women?

Sor-Hoon Tan, a Professor at Singapore Management University and an expert in Confucianism and democracy, dives deep into the adaptation of Confucian ideas for modern democratic contexts. She explores the historical dynamics between Confucianism and democratic ideals, emphasizing the importance of community welfare over elite interests. Tan advocates for gender equality and LGBTQ rights within a reinterpreted Confucian framework. Additionally, she discusses how Confucian principles can contribute to global justice, promoting a communal approach to resource distribution.

Were Confucian ideas about Heaven, ritual, and fate driven by a religious attitude, or a naturalistic one?

Delve into the intriguing nuances of Confucian political philosophy. Discover how thinkers like Mengzi advocate idealism, while Xunzi offers pragmatic insights for managing flawed rulers. Explore the balance between order, virtue, and the delicate dynamics of authority versus legitimacy. The concept of heavenly mandate is analyzed, highlighting its role in justifying rulers and the potential for revolution. Unpack the moral responsibilities that leaders bear in navigating the complexities of human nature and governance.

In this enlightening discussion, Erica Brindley, a Professor of Asian Studies at Penn State, reveals the profound connections between music and cosmic understanding in early Confucianism. She delves into how music transcended sound, intertwining with rituals and the universe. The conversation explores the historical context of music, archaeological discoveries, and music's role in moral cultivation and societal stability. Brindley emphasizes the importance of resonance, empathy, and harmony, showcasing music's key position in Confucian philosophy.

This discussion delves into Confucian epistemology, emphasizing the importance of 'knowing how' and 'knowing to' rather than just 'knowing that.' It explores how these concepts relate to moral cultivation and practical applications in everyday life. The insights from the Analects illustrate the dynamic relationship between knowledge and ethics, challenging traditional views on understanding.

The podcast delves into Confucian views on human nature and morality. It examines the contrasting beliefs of Mengzi and Shunzi regarding whether morality is innate or cultivated. The discussion highlights how societal influences shape moral development. Listeners are invited to consider the complex relationship between individual moral agency and external factors.

Xunzi, a thinker who shaped the course of Confucian philosophy by showing how deliberate effort can overcome our wicked natural tendencies.

Ancient Chinese philosophy takes center stage as the intriguing figure of Yang Zhu challenges Confucian ideals. The podcast dives into the moral complexities of virtue, hypocrisy, and self-interest, showcasing how thinkers like Kongzi and Mengzi shaped personal morality. It contrasts their views with those of Yang Zhu and Mozi, revealing a rich tapestry of ethical debate in the past. Listeners will discover how ancient perspectives on egoism and hedonism still resonate in modern discussions about morality.