The Reith Lectures

The Nigerian born writer, Wole Soyinka, is a playwright, poet and a political activist. His novel, The Man Died: The Prison Notes of Wole Soyinka, recounts his experience of his unlawful imprisonment and the effects of solitary confinement over a period of 22 months during the Nigerian Civil war. Subsequently he has been an outspoken critic of many military dictators and in 1986 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.In his first lecture, Wole Soyinka considers the changes since the Cold War, the nature of fear and its impact on individuals and society. He explores how fear is used for positive motives as well as negative and how it's changed over time. He outlines that there is a new era of fear that pre-dates the events of 11th September. Wole Soyinka explains why for him 1989 was the moment when the world first appeared to have stood still.

This year's Reith Lecturer is Vilayanur S Ramachandran, Director of the Centre for Brain and Cognition. He has lectured widely on art and visual perception of the brain and is Editor-in-chief of the Encyclopaedia of Human Behaviour. Professor Ramachandran's work has concentrated on investigating phenomena such as phantom limbs, anosognosia and anorexia nervosa. In his final Reith Lecture, Professor Ramachandran argues that neuroscience, perhaps more than any other discipline, is capable of transforming man's understanding of himself and his place in the cosmos.

This year's Reith Lecturer is Vilayanur S Ramachandran, Director of the Centre for Brain and Cognition. He has lectured widely on art and visual perception of the brain and is Editor-in-chief of the Encyclopaedia of Human Behaviour. Professor Ramachandran's work has concentrated on investigating phenomena such as phantom limbs, anosognosia and anorexia nervosa. In his fourth Reith Lecture, Professor Ramachandran demonstrates experimentally that the phenomenon of synesthesia is a genuine sensory effect. For example, some people literally 'see' red every time they see the number 5 or green when they see 2.

This year's Reith Lecturer is Vilayanur S Ramachandran, Director of the Centre for Brain and Cognition. He has lectured widely on art and visual perception of the brain and is Editor-in-chief of the Encyclopaedia of Human Behaviour. Professor Ramachandran's work has concentrated on investigating phenomena such as phantom limbs, anosognosia and anorexia nervosa. In his third lecture, which is the most speculative one in the series of five, Professor Ramachandran takes up one of the most ancient questions in philosophy, psychology and anthropology, namely, what is art? To do this he draws on neurological case studies and works from ethology (animal behaviour) to present a new framework for understanding how the brain creates and responds to art, and uses examples from Indian art and Cubism to illustrate these ideas.

This year's Reith Lecturer is Vilayanur S Ramachandran, Director of the Centre for Brain and Cognition. He has lectured widely on art and visual perception of the brain and is Editor-in-chief of the Encyclopaedia of Human Behaviour. Professor Ramachandran's work has concentrated on investigating phenomena such as phantom limbs, anosognosia and anorexia nervosa. In his second Reith Lecture Professor Ramachandran examines the process we call 'seeing'; how we become consciously aware of things around us. How does the activity of the 100 billion little wisps of protoplasm - the neurons in the brain - give rise to all the richness of our conscious experience, including the 'redness' of red, the painfulness of pain or the exquisite flavour of Marmite or Vindaloo?

This year's Reith Lecturer is Vilayanur S Ramachandran, Director of the Centre for Brain and Cognition. He has lectured widely on art and visual perception of the brain and is Editor-in-chief of the Encyclopaedia of Human Behaviour. Professor Ramachandran's work has concentrated on investigating phenomena such as phantom limbs, anosognosia and anorexia nervosa. Professor Ramachandran begins his Reith Lecture series on 'The Emerging Mind' by arguing that scientists need no longer be afraid to ask the big questions about what it means to be human. With empirical evidence, science can now answer ancient philosophical questions about meaning and existence. By studying neurological syndromes that have been largely ignored as curiosities or mere anomalies, we can sometimes acquire novel insights into the functions of the brain. Many of the functions of the brain, he says, are best understood from an evolutionary vantage point.

Onora O'Neill, Principal of Newnham College and renowned political philosopher, delves into the fragility of trust in an age dominated by one-way information technologies. She highlights the media's critical role in fostering accountability and transparency. O'Neill critiques the balance between press freedom and the dissemination of misinformation. The talk also addresses the ethical dimensions of communication and the pervasive issues within the wellness industry, advocating for informed public engagement and robust journalistic integrity.

Onora O'Neill, the Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge, and a renowned political philosopher, dives into the complexities of trust and transparency. She explores the paradox that more information can lead to less trust due to potential deception. O'Neill argues for critical thinking and informed judgment, stressing the need for verifying sources. The discussion also highlights troubling trends in the wellness industry, revealing manipulative practices that can entrap individuals. Ultimately, she advocates for a more constructive dialogue to restore societal trust.

Onora O'Neill examines the delicate balance between accountability and democracy, raising questions about the effectiveness of audits in combating injustice. She discusses the complexities of public trust in institutions and the paradoxes of stringent regulations that may undermine genuine professional judgment. The lecture highlights the need for 'intelligent accountability,' advocating for a system that emphasizes independent judgment and authentic service over mere compliance. The challenges of measurement in public versus private sectors are also explored.

Onora O'Neill, a prominent philosopher and Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge, dives into the delicate interplay between trust and terrorism. She discusses how trust can foster resilience but also lead to betrayal in times of fear. The conversation highlights the fragility of societal trust after trauma and its pivotal role in protecting democracy. O'Neill emphasizes the importance of recognizing responsibilities linked to rights and the power of small acts of defiance in rebuilding trust and governance post-conflict.