JAMA Clinical Reviews

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs, is associated with progressive dyspnea and results in approximately 25 000 to 30 000 deaths in the US each year. Toby M. Maher, MD, MSc, PhD, of Keck Medicine of USC, discusses the diagnosis and management of ILD with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content: Interstitial Lung Disease

Daniel Perry, pediatric orthopedic specialist, discusses timely diagnosis of dislocated hips in newborns to avoid complex surgeries and arthritis. Topics include graph technique for diagnosis, clinical examination techniques like Barlow and Autolani Maneuvers, challenges of bilateral disease diagnosis, limitations of clicks and pops indicators, and global screening approaches.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can present at any age and is associated with immune-mediated damage to multiple organs and increased rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and disability. New treatments have been FDA approved. Caroline H. Siegel, MD, MS, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Experts in falls prevention, Karin E. Ouchida and Cathleen Colon-Emeric, discuss risk assessment and prevention of falls in older adults. They emphasize the importance of annually screening older adults for fall risk, gait speed tests, exercise interventions, balance training, and a comprehensive approach to prevent falls in this demographic.

Dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers are common oral conditions that may be associated with patient discomfort, decreased quality of life, and in some cases, morbidity. Author Eric T. Stoopler, DMD, of Penn Dental Medicine, discusses these 3 common oral conditions with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content: Common Oral Conditions

Interview with James Stevermer, MD, MSPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content: Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment Struggling to Stem the Tide of Child Maltreatment

Arteriovenous access is required for hemodialysis. Charmaine Lok, MD, MSc, of the University of Toronto, discusses the role of primary care clinicians in the care of patients with arteriovenous access with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content: Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis In an earlier version of this podcast Dr Lok was discussing the naming convention of an AV access. As an example of a radiocephalic fistula she said, “a radial cephalic fistula would be connecting an arterial artery to cephalic vein.” She meant to say, “radial artery to cephalic vein.”  Later, while discussing insertion of needles, Dr Lok said, “autogenous graft,” but meant to say “non-autogenous graft.” 

Allergic rhinitis affects an estimated 15% of the US population and is associated with impaired quality of life. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses current evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis with author Jonathan A. Bernstein, MD, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati. Related Content: Allergic Rhinitis

Systemic amyloidosis from transthyretin (ATTR) protein is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure in older people. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of ATTR protein cardiomyopathy with Frederick L. Ruberg, MD, of the Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. Related Content: Cardiac Amyloidosis Due to Transthyretin Protein

What are the long-term outcomes of randomized clinical trials of bariatric surgery compared with medical/lifestyle management for patients with type 2 diabetes? JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, discusses a new study that examines this question and more with author Anita Courcoulas, MD, from the University of Pittsburgh. Related Content: Long-Term Outcomes of Medical Management vs Bariatric Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes