MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

The Doppler Effect is a crucial concept for the MCAT, particularly in the Chemistry & Physics section. We'll explore how the Doppler effect occurs when a wave source moves relative to an observer, affecting the observed frequency and wavelength. Using practical examples like an ambulance speeding towards you, we'll bring these concepts to life. We'll also break down the Doppler effect equation, examining what it reveals—and what it doesn’t—about wave behavior. By the end of this episode, you'll have a solid understanding of The Doppler effect and will be ready to tackle any related questions on the MCAT.  Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT. Jump into the conversation: (00:00) Introduction to the MCAT Basics (02:09) Conceptual Explanation of the Doppler Effect (03:55) Example: Doppler Effect with an ambulance (04:55) Speed of sound and wave propagation (05:31) Impact of ambulance motion on sound wave speed (06:37) Relationship between wave speed and frequency (07:30) Detailed explanation of sound frequency (08:45) Introduction to the Doppler Effect equation (10:08) Proportionality in the Doppler Effect equation (11:08) Discussion on wavelength and frequency relationship (12:29) Application of the Doppler Effect equation  

Dive into the fascinating world of viruses! Explore their structures and life cycles, including unique forms like bacteriophages and retroviruses. Discover the ins and outs of virus classification and the significant impact of viral mutations. Learn how retroviruses cleverly integrate with host DNA and the challenges posed by high mutation rates in treatments like antibody therapy. Plus, uncover the role of subviral agents that complicate our understanding of these tiny yet potent pathogens.

In this episode, we cover the topic of work and energy. We’ll start off by talking about work, which includes the mathematical and conceptual definitions and the sign convention of work. We’ll also talk a little bit about mechanical advantage and also path dependency. Moving on to energy, we’ll talk about the general definition of energy, we’ll compare and contrast energy in work and the different types of energy that includes kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, and total mechanical energy. Lastly, we’ll talk about energy transfer, specifically heat transfer, and the three types of convection, conduction, and radiation. Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT.   Jump Into the Conversation: 00:00 Introduction 05:27 Summary: Limits of equation for work and force 08:39 Positive work: force and displacement in same direction 09:32 Comparison of mechanical and thermodynamic work sign conventions 12:50 Work changes kinetic energy of moving objects 16:32 Friction and energy 22:25 Pitching 27:10 Kinetic and potential energy relation  32:14 Sun and heat transfer  

In this episode, we’ll nail down all that is needed for the MCATB in relation to fat and protein metabolism. Two critical processes for gaining energy and maintaining cellular functions in the body. We'll learn about the intricate details of beta-oxidation, where fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondrial matrix to produce energy-rich molecules like NADH, FADH2, and acetyl CoA. From protein catabolism, where proteins are broken down into amino acids that feed into gluconeogenesis and ketosis pathways, to protein anabolism, where these amino acids are incorporated into new proteins. You'll get insights into the role of amino acids in synthesizing other compounds like serotonin and nucleotides. Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT.   Jump into the conversation: 00:00 Introduction to MCAT Basics 01:25 Fat metabolism 02:00 Fat absorption 06:45 Breakdown of fats 08:30 Lipolysis 10:15 Transport of fatty acids 11:20 Beta oxidation pathway 13:40 Energy yield from beta-oxidation 16:00 Odd-chain and unsaturated fatty acids in beta-oxidation 20:00 Differences in energy production and pathways. 22:29 Fatty acid synthesis 25:15 Ketone body formation and usage 28:00 Protein breakdown (catabolism) 31:45 Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids 35:00 Protein synthesis (anabolism)  

Social norms and deviance as covered in the MCAT is a fascinating topic, and in this episode, we'll break down the intersection of social norms—folkways, mores, taboos, and laws—how they play a crucial role in shaping societal values, and what happens when these norms break down, a concept known as anomy. Plus, we'll delve into collective behavior phenomena such as fads, mass hysteria, moral panic, and riots, touching on some real-life examples and historical comparisons.   Expect a comprehensive overview, with real-world relevance and plenty of examples to help solidify your understanding.    Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT. Jump into the conversation: [00:00] Introduction to the MCAT Basics [04:57] Breaking social norms is not a big deal. [09:00] Jeffrey Dahmer was a serial killer. [12:41] Breaking social norms, deviance explained in theories. [14:03] Biking under influence leads to deviant identity. [19:02] Weak community ties breed crime, social disorganization theory. [20:20] Cultural deviance theory explains lower class deviance. [23:39] Social control theory emphasizes individual responsibility for deviance. [26:58] Orson Welles's 1938 radio drama causes hysteria.  

In this episode, we discuss population genetics and see how genetically related individuals share the same alleles, delving into the mechanisms of gene flow and genetic drift. We'll also unravel the complexities of hybrid vigor, reproductive isolation, and natural selection, and how these processes shape the genetic landscape of populations.    We'll also touch on the fascinating dynamics of X-linked and mitochondrial inheritance, and the role of genomic imprinting in disease risk. Ever wondered how the Hardy-Weinberg equation helps us understand genetic equilibrium in populations? We've got that covered too, breaking down the assumptions and applications of this essential model. Plus, we'll delve into how allele frequencies can shift due to factors like mutations and population bottlenecks.   Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT.   Jump into the conversation: [00:00] Introduction to the MCAT Basics [01:06] Overview of Population Genetics [01:55] Definition of Population Genetics [03:01] Genotype vs. Phenotype [03:38] Example of BRCA1 Gene [07:33] Autosomal Dominant and Recessive Inheritance Patterns [08:40] X-Linked Inheritance Patterns [09:38] Mitochondrial Inheritance [10:46] Genomic Imprinting [12:46] Complex and Multifactorial Inheritance [13:52] Introduction to Hardy Weinberg Equation [14:33] Assumptions of Hardy Weinberg Equation [15:16] Historical Context of Hardy Weinberg Equation [17:02] Calculation of Allele Frequencies [19:18] Example Problem Using Hardy Weinberg Equation [23:17] Limitations of Hardy Weinberg Equation [24:07] Ways Populations Change Over Time [24:58] Natural Selection [27:10] Fecundity and Fertility in Natural Selection [28:07] Types of Natural Selection [30:00] Mutation [32:17] Example of Mutation in HIV Research [34:29] Genetic Drift [38:11] Gene Flow and Gene Leakage [40:12] Hybrid Vigor and Reproductive Isolation [42:16]  Prepare for MCAT success with MedSchoolCoach.

In this episode, we'll explore three crucial hormone axes: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system. We'll decode the complex interplays among the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and various peripheral organs, focusing on how these hormone systems regulate everything from stress responses and reproductive functions to blood pressure and fluid balance. We'll break down the HPA axis and its pivotal role in stress response, featuring hormones like corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cortisol. Next, we’ll navigate through the HPG axis to understand the hormonal orchestration behind testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone production. Lastly, we’ll zero in on the RAAS system, demystifying its essential function in blood pressure regulation and electrolyte balance. Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT.  Jump into the conversation: [00:00] Introduction to the MCAT Basics Podcast with host, Sam Smith [03:11] Hypothalamus: brain section, regulates hormones, monkey bread. [08:57] Hypothalamus releases hormones to stimulate pituitary gland. [12:12] Cortisol is a crucial stress response hormone. [13:12] Steroid hormones need carrier proteins for transport. [17:05] Hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis involves important structures. [21:01] Hypothalamus releases gonadotropin hormone for sex development. [27:14] Sex hormones regulate important body functions through feedback. [28:31] Juxtaglomerial cells respond to changes in blood pressure. [33:20] Angiotensin III and IV stimulate aldosterone release. [35:36] Renin angiotensin system increases sodium, blood pressure.  

In this episode, we're covering the anatomy and physiology of key organs such as the kidneys, liver, skin, lungs, and large intestine, and discuss the crucial role they play in eliminating waste products from our bodies. From the structure of the hepatic lobules in the liver to the sweat glands in our skin and the alveoli in our lungs, we'll cover how each component functions to maintain homeostasis. We'll also delve into the metabolic breakdown processes and the excretion of waste molecules such as urea, electrolytes, and gases like carbon dioxide.  Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT.   Jump into the conversation: [00:00] Introduction to the MCAT Basics Podcast with host, Sam Smith [04:50] Kidney, adrenal glands, nephrons filter blood. Bladder stores waste connected to kidneys. [09:57] Liver has lobes and functional hepatic lobules. Skin excretes through sweating. [12:20] Lung anatomy: trachea, bronchi, alveoli, gas exchange. [16:54] Urea cycle energy requirement, deamination of amino acids. [20:35] Urea density calculates volume of small ice cube. [24:15] Carbon dioxide is a metabolic byproduct. [27:46] Liver metabolizes drugs into water-soluble compounds.

This episode is packed with essential high-yield information for your MCAT prep, covering the biological, physiological, and psychological aspects of sleep. We’ll explore various sleep theories, like the Memory Consolidation and Brain Plasicticity Theories, and even discuss the controversial “Sleeping When You Die” theory. We’ll also delve into dream theories, including Freud’s interpretations and the Activation Synthesys Hypothesis. Plus, we’ll address common sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy, alongside the effects of different drugs on your sleep patterns.    We’ll cover critical brain structures involved in sleep, such as the hypothalamus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and break down the stages of sleep measured through EEG, EMG, and EOG.    Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT.   [00:00] Introduction to the MCAT Basics podcast with host, Sam Smith [04:05] Pineal gland, amygdala, basal forebrain in sleep. [07:40] Measuring postsynaptic potential, not action potentials. EEG waves distinguish sleep stages. EMG records muscle electrical activity. [10:46] Alpha waves awake, theta waves asleep. Hallucinations in stage N1 sleep. [15:01] Unconfirmed sleepwalking. Stages of sleep explained. [18:18] Sleep cycles lengthen REM stage, diagrams illustrate. [19:50] We don't remember all our dreams. [23:55] Shifting circadian rhythms due to changes in light. [29:10] Blind people's melatonin release entrained with light. [29:41] Cortisol secretion cycle follows a circadian rhythm. [35:09] Freud: Dreams represent unconscious desires; manifest vs latent. [38:53] Divorce dreams related to spouse thinking time. Broad sleep disorder categories: insomnia, breathing, hypersomnolence. [41:18] Hypersomnia, narcolepsy, drugs' impact on sleep. [44:14 Brief primer on drug effects on sleep.  

In this episode, we’ll cover crucial aspects such as hormones, their origins and mechanisms of action, and the various structures within the endocrine system. We'll also decode complex cell-to-cell communication and distinguish between different hormone types—peptide, protein, steroid, and lipid-derived.   Furthermore, we'll explore key endocrine disorders like diabetes and hyper- and hypogonadism, discussing their causes, symptoms, and relevance to the MCAT. In addition, we'll touch upon the functions and hormones of several glands, including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas.   Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT.   Jump into the conversation: 00:00 Introduction to the MCAT Basics Podcast with host, Sam Smith 03:34 Exosomes act as information carriers for cells. 09:00 Large, charged substances dissolve in blood easily. 10:30 Protein kinase A activates multiple molecules quickly. 15:57 Podcast discusses prostaglandin, thromboxins, leukotrienes and glands. 18:22 Hormones explained: flat peg and pineal gland. 23:15 Endocrine diseases: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperinhypogonadism, diabetes. 26:33 Autoimmune disorder characterized by overactive thyroid production. 29:28 Hypothalamus role in hormone production and disorders. 34:01 Type 1 diabetes: Genetic and environmental factors. 35:47 Diagnosis and causes of type two diabetes. 39:18 Med School Coach elevates your application level.