MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach) Fat and Protein Metabolism
May 1, 2025
Dive into the nitty-gritty of fat and protein metabolism, crucial for energy production and cellular function. Explore the fascinating process of beta-oxidation, where fatty acids are transformed into energy-rich molecules. Learn about the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and their roles in gluconeogenesis and ketosis. Discover how amino acids contribute to the synthesis of vital compounds like serotonin. This engaging discussion is packed with insights that are essential for acing the MCAT!
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How Dietary Fats Are Absorbed And Transported
- Dietary triglycerides are broken into monoglycerides and free fatty acids, absorbed as micelles, then reassembled into chylomicrons in enterocytes.
- Chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system and deliver triglycerides, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins to tissues.
Mobilize Stored Fat When Glucose Is Low
- Stimulate lipolysis when glucose is low via hormones like glucagon and epinephrine to mobilize stored fat.
- Bind released long-chain fatty acids to albumin for safe blood transport to tissues for beta-oxidation.
Carnitine Shuttle Enables Mitochondrial Beta‑Oxidation
- Beta-oxidation activates fatty acids to acyl-CoA in the cytoplasm then uses the carnitine shuttle to import them into mitochondria.
- CPT1 swaps CoA for carnitine and translocase moves acylcarnitine into the matrix for reconversion to acyl-CoA.