Understanding Pericarditis and Its Mechanisms

Pericarditis is characterized by the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin membrane surrounding the heart. This condition leads to an increase in vascular permeability, resulting in fluid accumulation and changes in the pericardial thickness, which can be assessed through imaging. The classical symptoms include sharp, pleuritic chest pain, often worsening when lying supine, and characteristic EKG changes such as widespread elevation and PR depression. Treatment necessitates a thorough clinical evaluation to differentiate between various causes, which can vary significantly by geographical regions, such as viral infections in developed countries and tuberculosis in regions where it is endemic.