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Centum vs. Satem Language Distinction
- Many linguists distinguish between Centum and Satem languages within the Indo-European family.
- Primarily spoken in the west, Centum languages like Germanic, Greek, Latin, and Celtic directly influenced English.
Indo-European Origins and Expansion
- Indo-European tribes, originating in the Eurasian Steppe, were nomadic herders who mastered horse domestication.
- West of the Black Sea, early agricultural settlements existed before Indo-European expansion.
The Usatovo Culture and Germanic Language Origins
- The Usatovo culture, emerging near the Black Sea around 3500 BC, is believed to have spoken the ancestor of the Germanic language.
- This Usatovo dialect is considered the ultimate ancestor of English.
