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Queen's Failed Constitution Attempt
- Queen Liliʻuokalani was determined to restore native Hawaiian voting rights with a new constitution.
- Her ministers largely refused to sign, showing the deep divisions between monarchy and sugar barons.
Hawaii's Cultural Transformation
- Hawaii was geographically isolated but became a hub for missionaries, whalers, and sugar entrepreneurs.
- These outsiders transformed Hawaii's culture and economy drastically by the 19th century.
Bayonet Constitution's Disenfranchisement
- The "Bayonet Constitution" of 1887 stripped the Hawaiian monarchy of power and favored American and European landowners.
- This disenfranchised many native Hawaiians and sowed seeds for future conflict.