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Elites Favored Strongmen Over Democracy
- In 1933 powerful elites openly entertained replacing democracy with a dictator to protect their interests.
- The era normalized fascistic fantasies as a solution to economic and political crisis.
Core Traits Of Interwar Fascism
- Fascism combined hyper‑nationalism, violence, and the belief that extra‑legal means were needed to restore national greatness.
- U.S. proto‑fascist movements mirrored European models and framed democracy as seized by outsiders.
The Bonus Army Occupies Washington
- Thousands of broken World War I veterans converged on Washington in 1932 as the Bonus Expeditionary Force.
- They camped near the Capitol under military discipline, demanding early payment of promised bonuses.