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Behind the Bastards
Behind the Insurrections - The Birth of Spanish Fascism, Part 1
Jan 26, 2021
01:33:57
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Quick takeaways
- The birth of Fascism in Spain was influenced by military reforms and frustration with the civilian government.
- Anarchism gained traction in Spain during this period and became a major revolutionary influence.
- Captain General Miguel Primo de Rivera's military coup in 1923 marked the beginning of the first direct military dictatorship in Spanish history.
- The rise of fascist parties and ideologies in Spain led to power struggles between left-wing and right-wing factions, setting the stage for the Spanish Civil War.
Deep dives
Spanish military officers form military councils to lobby for reforms
During the early 1900s, Spanish military officers, including Francisco Franco, formed military councils to advocate for military reforms and address the corruption and bureaucratic nature of the military.
Spain suffers a major defeat in its colonial possession of Morocco
In 1921, a Spanish offensive in Morocco ended in a disastrous defeat and loss of over 13,000 Spanish soldiers. The defeat greatly affected Spain's image of itself and caused outrage among the military, leading to frustration with the civilian government.
The rise of anarchism and the failure of political fascism in Spain
During this period, anarchism gained traction and became a major revolutionary influence in Spain. While political fascism failed to gain significant support, fascist tendencies and ideas spread among influential Spanish thought leaders, particularly within the military.
Miguel Primo de Rivera seizes power in a military coup
In 1923, Captain General Miguel Primo de Rivera led a military coup to overthrow the liberal government. He believed that the parliamentary politics were hindering the military and saw inspiration in Mussolini's march on Rome. De Rivera's takeover marked the beginning of the first direct military dictatorship in Spanish history.
The Birth of Spanish Fascism
The podcast discusses the rise of Spanish fascism and its key figures. It explores how the ideology of fascism gained traction in Spain, with different factions emerging. One prominent figure, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, formed his own fascist party and sought to merge it with other fascist groups. The episode delves into the political climate in Spain at the time, with tensions between the left and the right, and how the growing fears of fascism led to crackdowns and arrests. The episode also touches on the influence of Italian fascism and how it impacted Spanish fascist movements.
Chemical Weapons and The Riff War
This section of the podcast focuses on the use of chemical weapons during the Riff War in Morocco. It highlights the collaboration between the Spanish and French forces in using toxic shells and gasses against tribespeople. The podcast mentions the deadly effects of the chemical weapons, such as fosgen gas, and the profit-driven motivations behind their use. The Spanish army's brutal suppression of tribespeople, with the support of French forces, is also highlighted.
The Patriotic Union and Dictatorship
The podcast explores the formation of the Patriotic Union (U.P.), a political party in Spain during the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. The U.P. aimed to maintain a right-wing dictatorship and was supported by middle-class conservatives and political elites. The episode discusses the motivations behind the U.P.'s support for dictatorship and its attempts to establish a civil dictatorship after the military one. The economic frustration and political climate in Spain at the time are noted as contributing factors to the party's rise.
The Spanish Civil War and Fascist Parties
This part of the podcast examines the political landscape leading up to the Spanish Civil War and the rise of fascist parties. It discusses the power struggles between left-wing and right-wing factions, such as the socialists, republicans, and Catholic conservatives. The C.E.D.A. (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right), a conservative political party, gains prominence, leading to concerns among the left about the ascent of Fascism in Spain. The podcast highlights the founding fathers of Spanish Fascism, such as Ramiro Ledesma and José Antonio Primo de Rivera, and their efforts to establish fascist ideologies and parties in Spain.
In this episode, we discuss the birth of Fascism in Spain and how it led to the first great armed conflict between Fascism and Democracy: the Spanish Civil War.
FOOTNOTES:
- https://www.amazon.com/Fascism-Spain-1923-1977-Stanley-Payne/dp/0299165647/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=fascism+in+spain&qid=1611636892&sr=8-1
- https://libcom.org/history/spanish-civil-war-osprey-book-collection
- https://www.marxists.org/archive/bookchin/1985/12/spanish-civil-war.htm
- https://www.historynet.com/persistent-myths-guernica.htm
- https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/may/06/george-orwell-homage-to-catalonia-account-spanish-civil-war-wrong
- https://www.rs21.org.uk/2018/11/22/petain-franco-and-chemical-warfare-in-the-rif/
- https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/arts-and-books/spanish-legion-viral-tweet-twitter-history
- https://www.theguardian.com/news/2020/oct/22/the-contested-legacy-of-the-anti-fascist-international-brigades
- https://www.tutor2u.net/history/reference/why-did-the-nationalists-win-the-spanish-civil-war
- https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii67/articles/ronald-fraser-how-the-republic-was-lost
- https://limun.org.uk/FCKfiles/File/Spanish_Civil_War_Source_2.pdf
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