Dr. Jesse Rissman, an Associate Professor at UCLA specializing in brain imaging and memory research, dives into the fascinating world of neuroscience. He discusses why memory is complex and nearly impossible to pinpoint in the brain. Rissman also compares human recall to that of primates and explores how theta wave stimulation could enhance memory. Additionally, he highlights the challenges of attention in our distraction-filled age and shares insights on innovative memory improvement strategies.
Memory is a multifaceted construct involving various types, such as episodic and semantic, that influence daily behavior and decision-making.
Modern technology distractions hinder focus and attention, but mindfulness practices and brain training can help improve cognitive capacities.
Deep dives
Understanding Memory Types
Memory is a complex construct that primarily influences how past experiences guide present behavior. There are various types of memory, including episodic memory, which allows individuals to recall specific life events, and semantic memory, which encompasses general factual knowledge that does not require context for its retrieval. Skills and habits are yet another form of memory, illustrating that different memory mechanisms operate within the brain. Overall, these distinctions help elucidate how humans utilize past experiences to inform decision-making and behavior in daily life.
Neuroplasticity and Memory Formation
Every experience shapes the brain through a process known as neuroplasticity, where neuronal connections are strengthened or weakened based on activity and interactions. As conversations and learning occur, specific neural pathways become more robust, reinforcing memory retention and recall. Sleep plays a crucial role in consolidating these memories, allowing the brain to solidify what has been learned throughout the day. Thus, the brain continuously rewires itself based on experiences, highlighting the dynamic nature of memory and learning.
The Brain vs. Computer Analogy
The conventional comparison of the brain to a computer provides a framework for understanding information processing, though it has its limitations. While the brain is seen as an intricate information processing unit that facilitates memory storage and retrieval, the nuances of human cognition are more complex than mere binary computations. Current research investigates whether advanced AI and deep learning algorithms parallel human memory processing capabilities, raising questions about the nature of memory and learning. Nonetheless, as technology evolves, so too does the metaphor through which we view cognitive function and memory.
Attention Challenges and Solutions
Modern distractions, particularly from technology and social media, have contributed to widespread attention difficulties, often leading individuals to feel a lack of focus. This phenomenon may be linked to the way information is presented in short, easily digestible formats, which diminishes the capacity for sustained attention. While some people may struggle with attention based on individual differences, approaches such as mindfulness practices and targeted brain training show promise in enhancing focus. Understanding these dynamics is essential, as not all attention challenges stem from clinical issues like ADHD; some may simply necessitate mindful adjustments in daily routines.
Neuroscience might be the final frontier when it comes to the human body. There is still so much to be discovered and understood about memory, attention, and how we learn. My guest on this week’s podcast runs a research lab at UCLA that uses brain imaging and electrical stimulation to see if science can move the needle and unlock our potential.
Listen and learn:
What memory is and why it’s impossible to isolate in the brain
Why some primates have better short-term recall than humans
How theta wave stimulation might improve memory
The challenges with testing and tracking attention
Dr. Jesse Rissman is an Associate Professor at UCLA in both the Psychology and Psychiatry departments. He is also part of several research centers focused on studying the brain and memory. Dr. Rissman earned his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley, and completed postdoctoral work at Stanford University. His research looks at how the brain supports memory and how we control it, using methods like brain imaging and stimulation.