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From Revolution to Civil War
- The Russian Revolution's final phase transitions from revolution to civil war after the October Revolution.
- This shift is marked by the Bolsheviks renaming themselves the Communist Party and moving their government from Petrograd to Moscow.
Self-Determination and Civil War
- The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk granted Russia's minority nationalities the right to self-determination, seemingly aligning with Bolshevik principles.
- However, this created complexities as competing groups claimed national leadership, leading to internal conflicts within these nationalities.
Finnish Civil War
- In Finland, the October Revolution divided the nation into Reds (workers) and Whites (bourgeoisie/nationalists), sparking a civil war.
- German intervention aided the Whites, resulting in their victory and subsequent punitive terror against the Reds.