Bayesian statistics, once dismissed, has become a powerful tool for analyzing vast data sets and has paved the way for advancements in AI and machine learning.
Adrian Smith's advocacy for math education and science funding has shaped the landscape of scientific research in the UK.
Deep dives
Pioneering Bayesian Statistics and its Impact on Data Analysis
Professor Sir Adrian Smith discusses the early challenges and ultimate success of Bayesian statistics, a branch of mathematics that utilizes probability to represent uncertainty. Despite initial dismissiveness from the mathematics community, Smith and a small group of others proved the applicability and effectiveness of Bayesian statistics in solving real-world problems. Their work led to the widespread use of Bayesian statistics in various fields, including medicine, economics, and even tracking Russian submarines. The simplicity and power of Bayesian statistics opened the door to the exponential growth of machine learning and AI.
The Personal Journey of Professor Sir Adrian Smith
Smith shares his upbringing and early influences that shaped his interest in mathematics. Growing up in Dallish, Devon, he spent time with his grandfather, who introduced him to chess and number games, instilling a strong foundation in mathematics from an early age. While his father's experiences in World War II impacted their relationship, Smith thrived academically in a small country co-ed grammar school. He went on to study mathematics at Cambridge, where he discovered a passion for statistics and its practical applications, eventually leading him to pursue a master's and a PhD in statistics.
Advocating for Data Skills Education and Protecting Science Funding
Smith emphasizes the importance of data skills in today's world and the need for educational reforms to equip the UK workforce. He highlights the increasing complexity of data and the crucial role of statistics in converting it into usable forms for decision-making. Smith also reflects on his time as a civil servant, fighting to protect science funding during a period of cuts. His efforts in highlighting the value of the UK's science base ultimately resulted in retaining investment and preserving the country's position as a science nation. Smith's current roles at the Alan Turing Institute and the Royal Society allow him to continue advocating for responsible and ethical use of data science and AI, bridging the gap between technology and society.
How a once-derided approach to statistics paved the way for AI. Jim Al-Khalili talks to pioneering mathematician, Professor Sir Adrian Smith.
Accused early in his career of ‘trying to destroy the processes of science’, Adrian went on to prove that a branch of statistics (invented by the Reverend Thomas Bayes in 1764) could be used by computers to analyse vast sets of data and to learn from that data.
His mathematical proofs showed that Bayesian statistics could be applied to all sorts of real world problems: from improving survival rates for kidney transplant patients to tracking Russian submarines. And paved the way for a dramatic explosion in machine learning and AI.
Working as a civil servant (2008-2012) he helped to protect the science budget in 2010, transforming the landscape for scientific research in the UK. And he has been vocal, over many years, about the urgent need to make sure children in the UK leave school more mathematically able.
In 2020, he became President of the UK's prestigious national science academy, The Royal Society.
Producer: Anna Buckley
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