The role genetics could play in bringing down Methane levels
Dec 12, 2024
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In this intriguing discussion, guests Pep Canadell, Chief Research Scientist at CSIRO, Ed Clayton, a ruminant nutritionist, and Sam Clark, a Professor of Animal Genetics, delve into the pressing issue of rising methane emissions. They explore innovative breeding strategies to reduce methane production in livestock, highlighting the benefits of genetic selection for low-emission traits. The conversation also covers global efforts to combat methane and the critical role of agriculture in these initiatives, showcasing how science could lead to sustainable livestock practices.
Genetic selection for lower methane production in livestock could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions linked to agriculture and landfills.
Technological advancements in measuring methane emissions are essential for identifying and breeding livestock that contribute less to climate change.
Deep dives
Challenges in Addressing Methane Emissions
The significant increase in global methane emissions, which have risen over 20% in the last two decades, illustrates the challenges faced in combating climate change. This rise counters international commitments, such as the goal set in the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions significantly. The primary contributors to methane emissions are human activities, especially agriculture and landfills, with livestock being the biggest offender due to enteric fermentation. As methane is 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide in terms of warming the atmosphere, the ongoing increase represents a significant obstacle to achieving climate targets.
Livestock Breeding Innovations
Researchers are exploring genetic approaches to breed livestock that produce less methane as part of a broader strategy to combat greenhouse gas emissions. The high methane output from ruminants stems from their unique digestive systems, which generate methane as a byproduct of breaking down tough plant materials. Geneticists aim to identify traits linked to lower methane production, allowing for selective breeding that not only reduces emissions but also improves livestock productivity. Studies have revealed that approximately 30% of the variation in methane emissions among livestock is heritable, making genetic selection a viable strategy.
The Role of Technology in Emission Reduction
Advancements in technology play a crucial role in the measurement and reduction of methane emissions from livestock. Methods such as portable methane recording units and sealed chambers enable precise quantification of gas emissions from individual animals in controlled environments. These technologies facilitate the development of estimated breeding values, which help farmers identify and select animals that produce lower methane outputs. Despite the promising outlook for breeding low-methane livestock, a multi-faceted strategy involving dietary modifications and potential feed additives is essential for substantial long-term reductions in overall greenhouse gas emissions.
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Guests
Dr Ed Clayton – Ruminant nutritionist, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development
Professor Sam Clark – Professor of Animal Genetics, University of New England