Non-nominative subjects can take various forms and interact with other elements of the language, providing opportunities for unique case systems and syntactic arrangements.
Languages like Icelandic and Russian have numerous examples of non-nominative subject constructions, highlighting that subjects do not always have to be in the nominative case.
Deep dives
The concept of quirky subjects and non-nominative subjects
Quirky subjects refer to subjects that are not in the nominative case. English examples include 'me thinks' and 'I was cold'. Certain verbs, such as verbs of perception and cognition, are more likely to have non-nominative subjects. Languages like Icelandic and Russian have numerous examples of non-nominative subject constructions. The point is that subjects do not always have to be in the nominative case.
Different types of non-nominative subjects
Non-nominative subjects can take various forms, such as instrumental subjects, accusative subjects, genitive subjects, and more. In some languages, like Sinhala and Akuna, there are different cases used for different levels of agency or patienthood. Bantu languages also exhibit interesting subject phenomena, such as demoting the importance of the subject and promoting the importance of the location.
Interactions and complexities of non-nominative subjects
Non-nominative subjects can interact with other elements of the language, such as negation and possession. Additionally, certain verbs and expressions may have different subject constructions based on the level of agency or patienthood. Non-nominative subjects can provide opportunities for creating languages with unique case systems and syntactic arrangements.
George and William have a discussion of those times when the subject isn’t in the case you might expect it to be in. Links and Resources: Wikipedia on Quirky Subject Subject cases in Sadani Oblique subjects in Slavic (handout/ PowerPoint) Warlpiri Comparative study with lots of examples from many languages Non-nominative subject in Oriya Okuna... Read more »
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