Tendon Gel (The Interfascicular Matrix) with Hazel Screen
May 25, 2024
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Hazel Screen discusses the fascinating world of tendon gel and the Interfascicular Matrix (IFM), covering topics like tendon stretching behaviors, collagen synthesis, matrix turnover, tendon mechanics, aging effects, tendon imaging techniques, cell phenotyping, and the role of hyaluronic acid in the IFM. Exploring the intricate structure and function of tendons opens up a realm of possibilities for understanding and treating tendon-related issues.
The Intraphesicular Matrix (IFM) in tendons aids in stretching, allowing for lubricated fiber sliding.
Energy storing tendons with IFM enable efficient stretching and show fatigue-resistant changes under loading.
IFM stiffening due to overload or aging can impact tendon function, emphasizing the need for early stress management.
Deep dives
Understanding Tendon Structure and Function
Tendons, being fiber composites made of collagen fibers surrounded by soft matrices, exhibit complex strain behaviors. The Intraphesicular Matrix (IFM) plays a crucial role in how tendons stretch and recover, with experiments showing differential strain capabilities between whole tendons and their fascicles. The IFM, with its gel-like consistency, contains proteoglycans that aid in lubricated sliding between fibers, contributing to tendon's ability to stretch and recoil.
Role of IFM in Energy Storage Tendons
In energy storing tendons like the horse's SDFT, the IFM facilitates efficient tendon stretching by enabling fascicle sliding and maintaining energy storage properties. Studies demonstrate that the IFM in energy storing tendons undergoes specific changes under mechanical loading, becoming more fatigue-resistant compared to positional tendons. The IFM's composition, including elastin content and proteoglycan distribution, influences its ability to support energy storage functions.
Injury and Aging Effects on IFM
In response to tendon overload and aging, the IFM may stiffen, affecting its ability to promote tendon sliding and strain redistribution. Studies reveal that excessive stiffness in the IFM can lead to structural changes, impacting tendon function and potentially increasing injury susceptibility. Understanding the cellular responses within the IFM to early mechanical stress could provide insights into preventing tendon damage and promoting recovery.
Tissue Strain and Collagen Behavior
When straining tissue, such as collagen, the fibers themselves undergo strain, leading to sharing and sliding. Through stress relaxation tests, it was observed that tissue force drops rapidly initially and then gradually decreases over time. Additionally, when holding a position, like in the case of 10% strain, the tissue experiences less strain over time. This stress relaxation phenomenon aims to redistribute strain within the tissue to reach a minimal energy state.
Tendon Creep and Fast Movements
Tendons exhibit creep when a constant force is applied, causing fibers to rearrange and gradually elongate until failure. In contrast, fast movements strain the tissue quickly, making it stiffer due to a lack of time for sharing and sliding. Understanding the differences in tissue behavior between slow and fast movements is crucial, especially in rehabilitation scenarios, to manage loading appropriately for optimal tissue response and recovery.