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From Utopian to Scientific Socialism
- Engels shows utopian socialism's ideas stem from subjective ideals, not historical materialism.
- Marx and Engels shift socialism to a scientific basis grounded in real material conditions.
Dialectics Versus Metaphysics
- Engels contrasts metaphysical thinking with dialectics as viewing things in isolation versus in process.
- Dialectics reveals interconnected, evolving phenomena, explaining change in nature and society.
Science Proves Dialectics
- Modern science like Darwin's evolution and Kant's cosmology proves nature operates dialectically.
- Nature evolves historically through interconnected opposites, not static eternal cycles.