Famed behavioural scientist Patrick Fagan walks through six proven persuasion techniques used by the NHS and even a 6-year old selling lemonade. Topics include social proof, commitment and consistency, the power of authority, and persuasive techniques used by hotel websites.
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Quick takeaways
The podcast discusses six proven principles of persuasion, including social proof, scarcity, commitment and consistency, reciprocity, liking, and authority, and how these principles are applied by businesses, governments, and individuals to influence behavior.
The episode highlights the tendency for individuals to overlook the obvious and how companies strategically exploit this in their persuasive techniques, such as using scarcity-based tactics and implementing various nudges to influence decision-making.
Deep dives
The Power of Nudges: How Businesses and Governments Influence Behavior
The podcast episode discusses the six principles of influence that are commonly used by businesses, governments, and individuals to persuade others. These principles include social proof, scarcity, commitment and consistency, reciprocity, liking, and authority. The episode explores how these principles work and provides examples of their application in various contexts. For example, hotel websites use social proof by displaying high ratings and customer reviews to convince visitors to book. The podcast also highlights how governments effectively apply these principles, such as the NHS utilizing social proof, scarcity, and authority in a text message campaign to encourage COVID-19 vaccine uptake. These principles of influence are powerful and can subtly impact decision-making without individuals being fully aware of their effects.
The Radiologists' Gorilla Experiment: Missing the Obvious
The episode introduces a study conducted by psychologist Keith Stanovich involving experienced radiologists who failed to notice an obvious anomaly in medical scans. The radiologists, focused on identifying small abnormalities, missed a large gorilla image inserted into the scan. This illustrates how when people are not actively searching for something, they tend to overlook it. The episode emphasizes the importance of this observation for businesses and organizations looking to persuade and manipulate consumer behavior. By exploiting the tendency to miss the obvious, companies strategically implement various nudges and persuasive techniques to influence decision-making, such as hotel chains using scarcity-based tactics on their websites.
The Impact of Persuasion Principles: Real-Life Examples
The episode provides real-life examples demonstrating the impact of persuasion principles. It explains how social proof influences individuals to follow the crowd, highlighting instances like a Brazilian bar where diners abandoned their meals and joined a group of joggers without even knowing why. The scarcity principle emphasizes the value we place on scarce items, as evidenced by the popularity of Black Friday deals. The commitment and consistency principle focuses on how small commitments affect behavior and examines the concept of sunk costs. Reciprocity explores how obligating individuals by doing something for them can elicit a sense of indebtedness. Liking illustrates how attractiveness, familiarity, and similarity play a role in influencing behavior. Lastly, authority demonstrates how people trust and comply with authoritative figures. The episode also shares personal experiments that support the effectiveness of these principles, such as using social proof to increase podcast listenership and likelihood of engagement.
In 2021, the NHS sent a text message to every single Brit. This wasn’t a normal text. It was jam-packed with six world-famous persuasion techniques designed to shift behaviour. In today’s episode of Nudge, famed behavioural scientist Patrick Fagan walks through the six techniques, and explains that everyone, from the NHS to a 6-year old selling lemonade can apply them.