Human rationality extends beyond logical reasoning to involve overcoming self-deception systematically.
Individuals must possess rational standards rather than adhere to them based on external authority.
Deep dives
Redefining Reason and Rationality
Reason and rationality are characterized as being autonomous, with individuals possessing their own set of standards. Cohen argues that humans are not fundamentally irrational, but rather, their mistakes can be attributed to performance errors rather than a lack of rationality. By using a process of systematic idealization, where performance errors are subtracted from actual performance, individuals are capable of understanding and following rational standards. This suggests that human rationality extends beyond logical reasoning to include the reliable and systematic overcoming of self-deception.
The Autonomy and Standards of Rationality
Cohen emphasizes the importance of reason being autonomous, meaning that individuals must possess the rational standards they adhere to rather than accepting them based on external authority. If standards are merely followed due to command or fear, they do not reflect rationality. Additionally, Cohen argues that odd implies can, highlighting that standards must be attainable by individuals. When considering rationality, one must reflect on their competence and distinguish between competence and actual performance. Performance errors can lead to a misalignment with rational standards.
Understanding the Source of Rational Standards
Humans are the source of rational standards by engaging in a process of systematic idealization. This involves subtracting performance errors from actual performance to determine an idealized account of competence, free from distortion. These idealized accounts become standards to which individuals hold themselves accountable. Thus, mistakes made in experiments are attributed to performance errors rather than a fundamental lack of rationality, indicating that humans possess the rational standards within their competence.
The Relationship Between Rationality and Wisdom
The concept of rationality extends beyond logical reasoning and is closely intertwined with wisdom. Rationality involves the reliable and systematic overcoming of self-deception, allowing individuals to see through illusion and into reality. This ability to transcend the constraints of perception is not limited to specific domains, but encompasses various aspects of life. As such, rationality is a crucial component of wisdom, enabling individuals to pursue meaning and address the perennial problems that affect human existence.
