Ulises Ali Mejias and Nick Couldry, "Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech and How to Fight Back" (U Chicago Press, 2024)
Dec 21, 2024
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Ulises Mejias, a Communication Studies Professor, and Nick Couldry, a Media and Communications expert, dive deep into the alarming realities of data colonialism in their new book, "Data Grab." They reveal how Big Tech exploits personal data, framing it as a modern form of colonialism. The duo discusses the implications of the gig economy, the risks of AI, and the struggles for worker rights. They also explore historical parallels to highlight the need for resistance and advocate for practical activism through their initiative, Tierra Comun.
Data colonialism exploits personal data in ways reminiscent of historical colonialism, concentrating wealth and power while undermining individual rights.
Big Tech operates through data territories that dictate user interaction and control information flow, often without transparency or consent.
Resistance to data colonialism requires grassroots activism and embracing alternative frameworks to ensure equitable data ownership and usage.
Deep dives
The Essence of Data Colonialism
Data colonialism is characterized as a new stage in the evolution of colonialism, extracting and exploiting personal data for profit and social control. This concept connects to a broader narrative, suggesting that these data territories control aspects of our lives similar to historical colonialism. The authors highlight that while data is not inherently negative, its exploitation by corporations often leads to wealth generation for a select few at the cost of individual rights and privacy. The continuous, often invisible collection of data from social interactions, online activities, and smart devices forms the backbone of this modern colonial framework.
Understanding the Data Territory Framework
The concept of data territories reveals how large tech companies exert control over user data through platforms that capture extensive information on their activities and interactions. These territories are not merely virtual spaces; they dictate the conditions under which data is collected, used, and sold while providing little to no transparency to users. The example of cars gathering data on driving habits illustrates the extensive reach these companies have, affecting aspects of life like insurance eligibility without users' knowledge or consent. Ultimately, this data-fueled architecture promotes a paradigm where users navigate these territories with minimal agency over their information.
The Four X's of Colonialism and Data
The authors draw parallels between traditional colonialism and modern data practices using the 'Four X's model: explore, expand, exploit, and exterminate. This framework illustrates the systematic exploitation of data through the exploration of user habits, the expansion of platforms, and the monetization of captured data. Particularly relevant are examples of how these methods have resulted in the marginalization of individual autonomy, as users are increasingly viewed as commodities rather than participants. By framing data collection in colonial terms, the discussion emphasizes the power dynamics at play and the need for critical examination of how data is harvested and utilized.
Impacts of Data Colonialism on Workers
The gig economy represents a significant manifestation of data colonialism, where companies like Uber and Lyft operate as data territories, extracting value from workers while controlling their economic prospects. Although gig work provides flexible income opportunities, the hidden costs include severe wage cuts and invasive surveillance of worker performance. Algorithm-based control allows companies to minimize labor costs while maximizing oversight, resulting in a precarious working environment. This situation reflects a modern exploitation mechanism in which workers are trapped within the confines of a digital marketplace, often at the mercy of opaque algorithms.
Imagining Resistance Against Data Colonialism
To combat the adverse effects of data colonialism, the authors advocate for a multi-faceted resistance strategy that includes imagining alternatives, working within political systems, and grassroots activism. They highlight the importance of listening to voices from historically colonized populations, identifying their experiences to inform resistance strategies. Environmental concerns are also raised, as the proliferation of data centers exacerbates existing ecological challenges. This resistance calls for a collective rethinking of how society structures data ownership and usage, ensuring that benefits are equitably distributed rather than concentrated among a powerful few.
In the present day, Big Tech is extracting resources from us, transferring and centralizing resources from people to companies. These companies are grabbing our most basic natural resources--our data--exploiting our labor and connections, and repackaging our information to control our views, track our movements, record our conversations, and discriminate against us. These companies tell us this is for our own good, to build innovation and develop new technology. But in fact, every time we unthinkingly click "Accept" on a set of Terms and Conditions, we allow our most personal information to be kept indefinitely, repackaged by companies to control and exploit us for their own profit.
In Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech and How to Fight Back (The University of Chicago Press, 2024), Ulises Mejias and Nick Couldry explain why postindustrial capitalism cannot be understood without colonialism, and why race is a critical factor in who benefits from data colonialism, just as it was for historic colonialism. In this searing, cutting-edge guide, Mejias and Couldry explore the concept of data colonialism, revealing how history can help us understand the emerging future--and how we can fight back.
Mention in this episode: Tierra Comun (English Version)
Ulises A. Mejias is professor of communication studies at the State University of New York at Oswego.
Nick Couldry is professor of media, communications, and social theory at the London School of Economics and Political Science and faculty associate at Harvard University’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society.
Dr. Michael LaMagna is the Information Literacy Program & Library Services Coordinator and Professor of Library Services at Delaware County Community College.