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Hegel's Dialectic
- Hegel proposed that reality is patterns of intelligibility, not separate from our understanding.
- This evolving system of patterns, called Geist, develops through a dialectical process of differentiation and integration.
Critiques of Hegel
- Critics like Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Kierkegaard pointed out flaws in Hegel's system.
- They argued Hegel overlooked the importance of will, personal experience, and self-transcendence.
Marx's Material Dialectic
- Marx reinterpreted Hegel's dialectic as a struggle of economic forces, not ideas.
- He believed class conflict drives history, culminating in a utopian society free of contradictions.