Immunology experts Cindy, Steph, Brianne, and Vincent review diverse papers on immune system wiring, streptococcus vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination's IgG4 switch, B cell insights, unique antibodies against streptococcus, impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure on immunity, and diverse immune responses from continuous germinal center invasion.
Identification of new cell-cell interactions in the human immune system through advanced technologies
Shift towards non-inflammatory IgG4 antibodies after multiple mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations raises questions on vaccine efficacy
Certain antibodies can bind two different epitopes on the M1 protein, promoting phagocytosis and stabilizing the FC region
Deep dives
Molecular Insight into Immune System Interactions
The study delves into the complex interactions of the immune system focusing on the physical wiring diagram of the human immune system. By utilizing advanced technologies, researchers identified new cell-cell interactions and increased known interactions by 20%. Key findings include a platform, CIVEXIS, that screens 630 proteins, revealing novel ligands for immune receptors and the specificity of immune receptor interactions.
Vaccine Response and Antibody Evolution
Research explores changes in antibody response post multiple mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations. The study indicates a shift towards non-inflammatory IgG4 antibodies after repeated vaccinations, suggesting a reduction in inflammatory effector functions. While the impact on protection and pathogenesis remains unclear, an increase in IgG4 levels post-vaccination warrants further investigation into vaccine efficacy and immune outcomes.
B Cell Influence on Tissue Repair
In the context of inflammatory bowel diseases, B cells were found to hinder tissue repair by expanding through type 1 interferon signals. Depletion of these B cells led to enhanced healing and increased stromal-epithelial cell interactions critical for tissue repair. Advanced technologies like single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics provided insights into the detrimental role of B cells in impeding the regenerative crosstalk during mucosal healing.
Specialized Antibodies Binding Two Epitopes on M Protein Enhance Phagocytosis
Certain antibodies can bind two different epitopes on the M1 protein, promoting phagocytosis even in regions not typically engaged in FC receptor binding, stabilizing the FC region and preventing free movement in space.
Transcriptional Atlas of Human Immune Response to Various Vaccines Reveals Patterns
A comprehensive study of 820 individuals receiving 13 different vaccines uncovers distinct transcriptomic responses at different time points post-vaccination, highlighting the impact of kinetics on the immune reaction and underscoring the challenge in establishing a universal vaccine signature.
Neutrophil-Driven Symptomatic Response to Flagellins from Human Gut Commensals
Exploration of flagellins from gut commensals reveals silent variants that bind but do not signal through TLR5, hinting at a complex interplay between the silent and stimulating epitopes, influencing immune recognition and potential outcomes in gut microbiota interactions.
Cindy, Steph, Brianne, and Vincent do a rapid review 11 immunology papers, including a wiring diagram for the immune system, group A streptococcus vaccines, systems immunology prediction of vaccines, class switch towards IgG4 after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, very bad B cells, monoclonal antibody to two streptococcal M protein epitopes, transcriptional atlas of response to 13 vaccines, impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure history on T cell and IgG response, neutrophilic inflammation predisposes to RSV infection, commensals avoiding recognition, and continuous germinal center invasion contributes to diversity of immune response.
