Todd Zakrajsek, an Associate Research Professor at UNC Chapel Hill, explores essential strategies for college success. He discusses how freshmen often struggle with evidence-based learning techniques and the importance of understanding cognitive load and metacognition. The impact of sleep, nutrition, and exercise on academic performance is highlighted, alongside practical advice for time management, especially for students with ADHD. Todd also shares insights on the writing process and the role of editing in enhancing productivity.
Many college freshmen lack awareness of evidence-based learning strategies, affecting their ability to navigate academic challenges effectively.
Cognitive load theory highlights the importance of managing information processing, as overload can hinder student learning and absorption of material.
Lifestyle factors like sleep, exercise, and nutrition significantly influence learning capabilities, underscoring the need for holistic student well-being.
Deep dives
Understanding the Science of Learning
Students often enter college without knowledge of effective learning strategies. The emphasis on rote memorization and testing, primarily starting around third grade, leaves students unaware of how to learn effectively. By integrating lessons on the science of learning early in education, such as understanding cognitive processes, students can be better prepared for academic challenges. This foundational approach is shown to reduce attrition rates and enhance overall student performance.
The Importance of Addressing Cognitive Load
Cognitive load refers to the amount of information the brain can process at once, and understanding this concept is crucial for effective learning. When students encounter new tasks, their cognitive load increases, making it harder to absorb additional information simultaneously. The importance of practicing tasks to reduce cognitive load over time is emphasized, equating it to assembling an IKEA bookshelf with increasing familiarity. Educators are reminded to consider their students' cognitive load when assigning reading or complex tasks to ensure all learners can manage their workload effectively.
Embracing Metacognition for Better Learning
Metacognition, or the awareness of one's own thought processes, plays a vital role in effective learning strategies. Students often fail to assess how well they understand material or recognize when their studying methods are ineffective. Encouraging students to reflect on their study techniques and understand when they are truly learning, not just going through the motions, can significantly improve their academic outcomes. By practicing self-assessment and adjusting their methods accordingly, students can enhance their learning efficiency.
The Myths of Learning Styles
The concept of fixed learning styles, such as being exclusively a visual or auditory learner, is critiqued as overly simplistic and unhelpful. Research suggests that learning is more complex than just classifying individuals into boxes, as most people learn through a combination of methods. Instead of relying solely on a defined learning style, students should engage with material in varied ways that best facilitate their understanding. By focusing on how different types of practice support their learning, students can become more adaptable and effective learners.
The Role of Lifestyle Factors in Learning
Lifestyle factors such as sleep, exercise, and nutrition have profound impacts on students' learning capabilities. Sufficient sleep is particularly crucial, as it helps consolidate memories and facilitates information retention. Engaging in regular physical activity not only improves cognitive function but also assists in achieving optimal mental health. Educators and students alike are encouraged to prioritize these lifestyle factors, as they contribute significantly to academic success and overall well-being.
Most freshman students enter college with little knowledge of evidence-based strategies for successfully navigating the college experience. In this episode, Todd Zakrajsek joins us to discuss a variety of approaches that students can use to more efficiently achieve their learning goals. Todd is an Associate Research Professor and Associate Director of a Faculty Development Fellowship at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is also the Director of four Lilly conferences on evidence-based teaching and learning. Todd is the author of many superb books, and has published six books (so far) in the past five years. His most recent book is Essentials of the New Science of Learning.
