Today we welcome Tim Urban. He is the writer and illustrator of the blog Wait But Why, which he co-founded with Andrew Finn in 2013. With wry stick-figure illustrations and occasionally epic prose, Wait But Why has garnered millions of unique page views, thousands of patrons and famous fans like Elon Musk. His long-form blog covers a range of subjects including artificial intelligence, outer space, and procrastination. Tim earned his A.B. from Harvard University, graduating cum laude with a major in Government. In this episode, I talk to Tim Urban about the complex relationship between identity and critical thinking. Tim cautions against blind loyalty to specific ideologies for it can lead to an echo chamber of tribal minds. Instead of dogmatic maxims, he suggests we uphold basic core principles that guide our thoughts and behavior. In this way, Tim believes we engage in high rung thinking all the while cultivating “idea labs” within our culture. We also touch on the topics of dating, education, politics, writing, morality, and tech.  Website: waitbutwhy.comTwitter: @waitbutwhy Topics02:21 Intellectual ADHD06:14 Detached truth seeking 08:40 Pitfalls of low rung thinking16:15 Tim’s upbringing and education21:01 Dating is kind of like Grand Theft Auto37:50 “Your ego is a backpack”44:35 The world needs your spaghetti brain51:38 Idea labs and echo chambers57:42 The spectrum of opposing views1:01:13 Repressing science for ideology1:09:24 Life, death, and cryonics1:25:05 Learning in analogies and metaphors1:29:44 Evaluating high quality ideas1:36:23 Choosing what to read1:39:35 Tim’s life altering idea1:42:28 Mars, capitalism, neurolinks 1:47:02 Lightning round1:53:07 But why wait?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Today we welcome Jane McGonigal. She is a world-renowned game designer who challenges players to tackle real-world problems such as poverty, depression, and climate change through collaboration. Jane is also a future forecaster, serving as the current Director of Games Research & Development at the Institute for the Future. Her games and forecasting work have been featured in The New York Times, Wired, The Economist, CNN, NPR and more. As a two-time New York Times bestselling author, she has recently published her third book called Imaginable. In this episode, I talk to Jane McGonigal about the intersection of gaming and future forecasting. Jane asserts that games are not just for escapist entertainment; they could also be used to help prepare us for what’s to come. Imagining fictional simulations can inspire us to make present changes which can influence our personal and collective futures for the better. We also touch on the topics of creativity, psychotherapy, forecasting, hope, and tech. Website: janemcgonigal.comTwitter: @avantgame Topics02:08 Futurist game design05:44 Imagination and the psychological safety of games09:17 Forecasting and psychotherapy 15:54 Urgent optimism21:10 Predicting the COVID-19 pandemic in 201023:52 Can we predict our own futures?27:50 Affective vs behavioral forecasting34:05 The Institute for the Future36:52 Future scenarios change present behavior41:41 The perils and promise of facial recognition47:24 Assessment and benefits of futurist imagination52:45 The need for more longitudinal studies See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Today we welcome Dr. Antonio Damasio. He is an internationally recognized neuroscientist whose extensive research has shaped the understanding of neural systems and consciousness. With over a hundred journal articles and book chapters, he has earned many prestigious awards throughout his career. Currently, he serves as University Professor, the David Dornsife Professor of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Philosophy, and director of the Brain and Creativity Institute at the University of Southern California. His books Descartes’ Error, Looking for Spinoza, Self Comes to Mind, The Strange Order of Things, and Feeling & Knowing, have been published in translation and are taught in universities throughout the world.In this episode, I talk to Antonio Damasio about consciousness. People often think that the mind and consciousness are the same thing, but Dr. Damasio disputes this notion. He argues that it’s the complex relationship of both our brains and bodies that makes sentient thought possible. Homeostatic feelings like hunger and pain developed before emotions; and along with it came consciousness. We also touch on the topics of perception, mental illness, evolution, panpsychism, AI and machine learning. Website: dornsife.usc.edu/bcTwitter: @damasiousc Topics02:17 Time-locked multiregional retroactivation11:32 The difference between the mind, intelligence, and consciousness18:37 Panpsychism is an escape22:50 AIs can replicate minds but not consciousness 25:42 Feeling gave way to consciousness30:59 The purpose of emotions33:25 The evolution of feelings and emotions38:28 The interoceptive nervous system44:23 Does mental illness disrupt consciousness?49:51 Creativity as a bottom-up process54:38 Consciousness can hinder creativity58:09 Scott’s interest in panpsychism59:18 Can we ever make feeling machines?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, my guest is Charles Koch. Charles G. Koch is chairman and CEO of Koch Industries, one of the largest privately held American companies. During his tenure with the company, the estimated value has grown from $21 million to more than $100 billion. Charles has published several books detailing his business philosophy: The Science of Success, Good Profit, and Believe in People.As an influential philanthropist, he supports education, a community of organizations addressing persistent poverty, and public-policy research focused on developing effective solutions to societal problems. He has founded numerous organizations, including Stand Together and the Cato Institute. He holds two master’s degrees in nuclear and chemical engineering from MIT and lives in Wichita, Kansas, with his wife, Liz.In this episode, I talk to Charles Koch about his bottom-up approach to social change. Charles recognizes that each individual has a gift; schools and organizations should cultivate these unique strengths instead of trying to force people into molds. Charles asserts that institutions can create more meaningful value this way, by truly believing in people. We also touch on the topics of multiple intelligences, self-actualization, education, innovation, and philanthropy.Website: charleskoch.comTwitter: @KochIndustries Topics04:02 Multiple intelligence theories07:44 Finding consistent principles of human progress10:08 Transforming Koch Industries14:38 Virtuous Cycles of Mutual Benefit20:07 Bottom-Up Solutions for a Top-Down World23:51 Empowering contribution-motivated individuals31:27 Supervisors as self-actualization coaches37:16 From partisanship to partnership42:35 Charles’ vision for a self-actualizing society44:18 Eupsychian Management by Maslow47:50 Frederick Douglass and Viktok Frankl51:41 #GiveTogetherNow 53:00 A society that rewards synergySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, I talk to law professor and mindfulness leader Rhonda Magee about her book The Inner Work of Racial Justice. We discuss her innovative approach to healing racial divides using mindfulness. Rhonda argues that when we bring awareness and compassion to ourselves, relationships, and the environment, we invite healing and connection. We also touch on the topics of education, spirituality, liberation, democracy, and community.BioRhonda V. Magee (M.A. Sociology, J.D.) is a Professor of Law at the University of San Francisco and an internationally-recognized thought and practice leader focused on integrating mindfulness into higher education, law and social change work. Rhonda’s teaching and writing support compassionate conflict engagement and management; holistic problem-solving to alleviate the suffering of the vulnerable and injured; presence-based leadership in a diverse world, and humanizing approaches to education. Her book, The Inner Work of Racial Justice, advocates for a mindfulness and compassion-based approach to confront racial injustice and work towards healing.Website: www.rhondavmagee.comTwitter: @rvmagee Topics01:45 Rhonda’s childhood and upbringing06:48 Personal vs systemic racism 09:43 Education during desegregation 16:55 Rhonda’s interest in mindfulness25:12 Bridge racial divides with mindfulness32:51 Liberating practices grounded in being42:59 Listen for understanding and connection46:28 The ecology for justice51:47 Find a collective consensus See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, I talk to social philosopher Daniel Schmachtenberger about exponential technology and its effects on our current world. According to Daniel, organizations that harness the power of modern tech rarely use it for good–like how social media companies boost polarizing content to maximize user engagement–leading to a distrust of science and destabilized democracies. To overcome humanity’s current existential threat, Daniel argues we all need to work towards a radical cultural enlightenment. We also touch on the topics of collective intelligence, human development, power, responsibility, and civilization.BioDaniel Schmachtenberger is a founding member of The Consilience Project, aimed at improving public sensemaking and dialogue. The throughline of his interests has to do with ways of improving the health and development of individuals and society, with a virtuous relationship between the two as a goal.Motivated by the belief that advancing collective intelligence and capacity is foundational to the integrity of any civilization, and necessary to address the unique risks we currently face given the intersection of globalization and exponential technology, he has spoken publicly on many of these topics, hoping to popularize and deepen important conversations and engage more people in working towards their solutions.Website: consilienceproject.org Topics02:52 Techno-optimism vs techno-pessimism 04:28 Definition of exponential technology08:39 Is the world getting better from tech?10:37 The radical asymmetry of power13:58 Decoupling rewards from development25:19 A new social media algorithm 28:56 Tribal politics, certainty, and perspective taking 33:55 Developing better cognitive capacities42:06 Rights and responsibilities in a liquid democracy46:23 The next phase of open societies49:26 The Consilience Project52:23 The need for cultural enlightenment 56:13 Creating an antifragile world58:49 Collective intelligence1:00:39 Establish expertise and credibility in institutions1:05:24 The unique existential threat of the 21st Century See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, I talk to esteemed psychologist Todd Kashdan about the art of insubordination. As creatures of habit, humans seek familiarity in thoughts, behaviors, and interactions. But Todd argues that deviating from norms isn’t always a bad thing—especially if it’s in pursuit of positive change. To enact principled dissent effectively, Todd teaches us how to persuade the majority and how to embrace unconventional solutions. We also touch on the topics of conformity, intimacy, influence, victimhood, and curiosity.BioTodd Kashdan is among the world’s top experts on the psychology of well-being, psychological strengths, mental agility, and social relationships. His research has been featured in hundreds of media outlets, including multiple articles in the Harvard Business Review, New York Times, and Forbes. In 2010, he received the Distinguished Faculty Member of the Year Award at George Mason University and in 2013, he received the Distinguished Early Career Researcher Award by the American Psychological Association. Todd is the author of Curious?, The Upside of Your Darkside, and Designing Positive Psychology. His latest book is The Art of Insubordination. Website: toddkashdan.comTwitter: @toddkashdan Topics01:34 The elements of principled insubordination05:07 Why do people conform?08:57 Social change by principled rebels 14:21 Win responsibly19:02 Extract wisdom from weirdos24:22 Do cartwheels in the library29:06 Self-care for rebels31:25 How to win over the majority36:13 Spark curiosity not fear42:03 Build stronger alliances during conflict48:23 Boredom, polarization, and insightSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

It's important to recognize that when we're dealing with a very new or rapidly changing phenomenon, like we have been with the pandemic, even the "scientific consensus" can easily be wrong because there's not been much time for the rigorous replicability studies to be conducted or even sometimes to accurately measure the proper effect sizes. However, I also believe it's important that we don't create a false equivalency between very fringe ideas that are unsupported by the current evidence base and a scientific consensus that is grounded in rigorous methodology. This is why I sought out the counsel of Dr. Eric Topol on today's show. Despite being one of the top 10 most cited researchers in medicine and being extremely well regarded in his field of cardiology, he's also been a bright light on social media, shining a light on the best available evidence in the pandemic. He thoughtfully considered all my questions and was very careful to make clear what the current evidence base says without ruling out alternative possibilities in the future in light of new evidence. In this episode, we cover a number of hot button issues surrounding the pandemic including the potential use of ivermectin to end the pandemic, the potential for increased risk of myocarditis among certain populations after vaccination. We even discuss the role human psychology and human behavior have played in this pandemic. Ultimately, Dr. Topol is optimistic about the future of the pandemic and outlines things coming down the horizon that should give us hope. But as we discussed, the major problems tend to be human problems. BioEric Topol is a cardiologist, scientist, and author. He is the Founder and Director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, Professor of Molecular Medicine, and Executive Vice-President of Scripps Research.As a researcher, he has published over 1200 peer-reviewed articles, with more than 290,000 citations, elected to the National Academy of Medicine, and is one of the top 10 most cited researchers in medicine. Dr. Topol has been voted as the #1 most Influential physician leader in the United States in a national poll conducted by Modern Healthcare. Besides editing several textbooks, he has published 3 bestseller books on the future of medicine: The Creative Destruction of Medicine, The Patient Will See You Now, and Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again.Website: drerictopol.comTwitter: @EricTopol Topics05:51 What is Emergency Use Authorization (EUA)?08:21 COVID-19 vaccines are humanity’s greatest medical achievement12:05 Infection acquired immunity13:47 Vaccine and COVID induced myocarditis 16:56 The efficacy of booster shots 20:20 Ivermectin studies: what does the data say? 25:15 How to improve pandemic response30:02 Hope for the future of the pandemic See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, I talk to prolific author and social scientist Arthur Brooks about finding meaning in the second curve of life. According to Arthur, the world and our biology urge us to relentlessly chase after the next win. This flawed formula for satisfaction ultimately leaves us unfulfilled. To find true purpose, we must break our addiction to success and confront life’s hard truths. We also touch on the topics of motivation, relationships, aging, transcendence, and love.BioArthur C. Brooks is the Professor of the Practice of Public Leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School and Professor of Management Practice at the Harvard Business School. Before joining the Harvard faculty in July of 2019, he served for ten years as president of the Washington, D.C.-based American Enterprise Institute (AEI), one of the world’s leading think tanks.He is also a columnist for The Atlantic, host of the podcast “How to Build a Happy Life with Arthur Brooks,” and subject of the 2019 documentary film “The Pursuit”. Arthur has written 12 books, including the national bestsellers “Love Your Enemies” and “The Conservative Heart”. His most recent book is “From Strength to Strength”, available this February 2022.. Website: arthurbrooks.comTwitter: @arthurbrooks Topics02:18 The plane ride that changed Arthur’s life08:46 Transcendence as the reward of life13:11 The addiction to success17:52 Motivated by why21:20 From success to freedom 28:45 Arthur and Scott’s shared values 33:18 The Harvard Grant Study36:33 Love, worship, and commitment41:24 Vanaprastha: retire to the forest45:01 What it means to be fully alive52:42 The Dalai Lama’s pen56:59 Liminality and the magic of transitions1:01:25 Being happy vs. the need to feel specialSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, I talk to Forward Party’s founder Andrew Yang about the future of American democracy. Andrew shares the insights he’s learned from his presidential and mayoral campaigns. His major realization is that America’s two-party system is designed for polarization and dysfunction. With the media and the internet further inciting division, polarization may eventually escalate into violence. In order to shift towards a human-centered economy, Andrew believes we need to change our political dynamics and incentives. We also touch on the topics of tribalism, rationality, automation, education, leadership, and governance. BioAndrew Yang is an entrepreneur, attorney, and political candidate. He was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and the 2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary. His signature policy was a universal basic income of $1,000 a month as a response to job displacement by automation. After his campaigns ended, he left the Democratic Party and founded Forward Party, a political action committee that seeks to alleviate political polarization and reform the U.S. political and economic systems.Andrew is also an author and has published several books including Smart People Should Build Things, The War on Normal People, and most recently, Forward: Notes on the Future of Our Democracy. Website: www.andrewyang.comTwitter: @AndrewYang Topics01:34 Andrew’s childhood and early ventures 09:04 Andrew’s desire to humanize the economy 11:28 The presidential and mayoral candidacy experience19:51 Society’s current incentive structures22:57 “The duopoly is designed for polarization”29:49 How do we reward grace and tolerance in politics?33:18 Fact-based governance and a shared objective reality39:59 New measures for well-being46:26 Politics is tribal51:44 United by universal human values55:28 Fulfilling the need to matter1:00:36 Human-centered educationSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.