The Ancients

Historian David Gwynn, from Royal Holloway University, delves into the intriguing decline of the Roman Empire. He discusses how internal strife, economic instability, and the rise of Christianity intertwined to unravel the once-mighty civilization. The conversation highlights the reforms by emperors Diocletian and Constantine and the political fragmentation that ensued. Moreover, Gwynn unpacks the pivotal roles of class tensions, military transformations, and economic vulnerabilities, painting a vivid picture of Rome’s dramatic fall.

An astonishing ancient tomb is Ireland's most famous prehistoric monument; Newgrange. Tristan Hughes is joined by Dr Muiris O’Sullivan, an expert on the many Stone Age monuments of Ireland, including Newgrange, and they revel in the astonishing construction techniques used by ancient builders over 5,000 years ago and the intricate rock art such as the triple spiral, which has an intriguing backstory.Archeology is slowly revealing the people who built this fascinating structure, their use of sacred landscapes, and the DNA evidence linking them to other Stone Age communities.Presented by Tristan Hughes. Audio editor is Nick Thomson, the producer is Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music courtesy of Epidemic SoundsThe Ancients is a History Hit podcast.See the treasures of Newgrange in the new History Hit documentary; Prehistoric Ireland: Secrets of the Stone Age now. Sign up to History Hit for this and more original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on

From clashing rocks to golden treasure, Jason and the Argonauts is the ultimate Greek mythological adventure. But what lies behind the legend? And why has it endured for millennia?In this episode, Tristan Hughes is joined by bestselling author Caroline Lawrence to chart Jason’s epic quest for the Golden Fleece. From harpies and dragons to the witch Circe and the bronze giant Talos, discover the mythical monsters, heroic crossovers and extraordinary journey that make this tale a timeless example of the hero’s journey — from Greece to Colchis and back again.For more of Caroline Lawrence and Jason and the Argonauts on The Ancients:The Minotaur: https://open.spotify.com/episode/72Efg0BmVFYunKg2FsDOQOThe Golden Fleece: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6OtHIiiC87BN4RMyOngK0tPresented by Tristan Hughes. Audio editor is Aidan Lonergan, the producer is Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music from Epidemic SoundsThe Ancients is a History Hit podcast.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here:https://uk.surveymonkey.com/r/6FFT7MK

Laura Spinney, a science journalist and author of 'Proto,' dives into the fascinating world of Indo-European languages and their origins. She explores the evolution from Proto-Indo-European roots to modern languages like Latin and Sanskrit. Spinney discusses the complexities of linguistic history, emphasizing diverse origins rather than a single starting point. Also highlighted are the techniques used by linguists and archaeologists to unravel ancient languages and the impact of the Yamnaya culture on language evolution and trade.

Lindsay Powell, a historian and author specializing in the Early Roman Imperial Period, uncovers the fascinating history of the Praetorian Guard. He discusses their evolution from personal bodyguards to a formidable military force, highlighting their crucial role in Roman power dynamics. Lindsay reveals how figures like Augustus and Tiberius shaped the Guard's functions and how their loyalty could influence political outcomes. The story of Sejanus's betrayal adds drama, emphasizing the complex relationship between power, military authority, and governance in ancient Rome.

In this engaging discussion, Professors Joan Taylor and Helen Bond dive into the life of John the Baptist, a pivotal figure in biblical history. They explore his wilderness lifestyle and radical messages against the backdrop of Roman-occupied Judea. The guests examine John’s linguistic abilities, his relationship with Jesus, and the historical context of his teachings. They also discuss his clash with Herod Antipas and how John’s legacy has been interpreted through the ages, illuminating his influence on both religious thought and artistic representation.

Emily Hauser, an author and historian from the University of Exeter, discusses the tragic figure of Cassandra, the prophetess of Troy, cursed to tell the truth but never be believed. The conversation dives into the timeless nature of her story, examining her portrayal in Homer's epics and how it reflects themes of misogyny and women's voices in ancient literature. They also explore Cassandra's prophecies, the interplay between mythology and history, and her legacy as a symbol of resistance against patriarchy.

Guy Maclean Rogers, a classicist historian and author of 'For the Freedom of Zion,' delves into the tumultuous Great Jewish Revolt of 70 AD. He discusses the rising tensions in Judea, highlighting Rome's mismanagement and the devastating siege of Jerusalem, which led to the destruction of the Second Temple. Rogers also sheds light on the contradictory accounts of historian Josephus, the political dynamics of the region, and the cultural significance of the revolt, emphasizing its lasting impact on Jewish identity and interfaith relations.

In this discussion, paleontologist Henry Gee explores the incredible journey from ancient apes to modern humans. He reveals how early bipedalism gave our ancestors a competitive edge and dives into the fossil record's gaps that hinder our understanding. With intriguing insights on Homo erectus' endurance adaptations and social behaviors, Gee illustrates their pivotal role in human evolution. The conversation also touches on the complex interactions with Neanderthals and Denisovans, showcasing the intricate narrative of survival and adaptation throughout our history.

Join Professor Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, an expert in Roman archaeology from the University of Cambridge, as he takes you on a journey through the fascinating ruins of Herculaneum. Discover how this lesser-known town, buried by Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, reveals intimate details of daily Roman life through its lavish villas and bustling shops. Learn about the groundbreaking AI technology being used to unlock ancient texts and explore the unique social dynamics that defined this vibrant community, offering insights that contrast starkly with its more famous neighbor, Pompeii.