The Ancients

Join renowned historian William Dalrymple, author of 'The Golden Road,' as he and host Tristan Hughes explore the enigmatic Kushan Empire. They delve into the empire's dramatic rise and extensive trade networks. Discover the pivotal role of the Kushans in shaping Hindu and Buddhist imagery, and their vibrant cultural exchanges across Asia. The discussion also highlights archaeological discoveries and the significance of early Buddhist monasteries as trade hubs. A captivating journey through one of history's most influential yet overlooked civilizations!

Tristan Hughes chats with Professor Nicoletta Momigliano, an expert in Minoan civilization from the University of Bristol. They dive into the fascinating origins and advancements of the Minoans on Crete, exploring their complex society, enigmatic writing system, and iconic palaces like Knossos. The conversation highlights archaeological finds that illuminate daily life and trade. They also discuss the influence of mythology and the societal shifts towards kingship, showcasing the Minoans’ rich and mysterious legacy in ancient history.

Dil Singh Basanti, an archaeologist and Aksum expert currently pursuing a PhD, brings the ancient Kingdom of Aksum to life. Hear how Ethiopian culture intricately ties to the narrative of the Ark of the Covenant. Discover the bustling trade networks in the fourth century that linked Aksum to India and beyond. Basanti reveals unique burial practices and monumental stele while exploring the cosmopolitan city of Adulis, where diverse religious beliefs thrived. Experience the intriguing interplay of commerce, culture, and spirituality that shaped this powerful empire.

Gabriel Zuchtriegel, the Director of Pompeii, shares thrilling insights from one of the world's most famous archaeological sites. He discusses recent discoveries, including well-preserved slave quarters and gladiator graffiti, shedding light on social inequalities in ancient Rome. The conversation also highlights the cultural fusion of Greek and Roman influences evident in the stunning frescoes. Notably, Zuchtriegel unveils potential evidence of early Christianity, revealing how Pompeii's ruins continue to reshape our understanding of history.

Dr. Moudhy Al-Rashid, an Assyriologist at Oxford, reveals the groundbreaking contributions of ancient Mesopotamians to astronomy. They meticulously tracked celestial movements, predicting eclipses and interpreting them as omens. Al-Rashid discusses the significance of omen handbooks, like the Enuma Anu Enlil, in integrating astronomy with medicine and culture. Discover how these early scholars established the foundations of scientific inquiry while intertwining myth with observation, ultimately shaping our understanding of the cosmos.

Graham Wrightson, an Associate Professor of History specializing in ancient warfare, joins to discuss the tumultuous aftermath of Alexander the Great's death at just 32. The conversation delves into the fierce power struggles among his generals, like Leonatus and Antipater, igniting the brutal Wars of the Successors. Listeners will find themselves captivated by tales of ambition, betrayal, and military strategies as these former allies carve out new kingdoms from Alexander's fractured empire, transforming history into a real-life drama filled with intrigue.

Peter Heather, a Professor of Medieval History at King's College London, dives into the enigmatic world of the Saxon migrations and their profound impact on post-Roman Britain. He discusses the rise of Saxon mercenaries amidst the collapse of Roman order and their transformation of British society. Heather also highlights the cultural shifts from Romano-British to Germanic traditions, the power struggles between Saxons and Romanized Britons, and the emergence of new Saxon kingdoms during this tumultuous period.

Dafydd Daniel, a Lecturer in divinity at the University of St. Andrews and an expert on early Christian history, delves into the Council of Nicaea. He discusses how Emperor Constantine's pivotal 325 AD meeting sought to resolve fierce theological disputes, particularly between Arius and Alexander. The resulting Nicene Creed was crucial in defining Christ's divinity and shaping early Christian orthodoxy. Daniel also highlights the profound social and political ramifications of the council, illustrating its enduring legacy in Christianity.

Adrian Goldsworthy, a historian and author specializing in ancient Rome, takes listeners on a captivating journey through the fall of the Western Roman Empire. He discusses the quiet abdication of Romulus Augustulus and the chaotic power struggles that led to the empire's collapse. Goldsworthy highlights notable figures like Odoacer and the internal turmoil that characterized the final days of imperial rule. The conversation reveals how military decline, political chaos, and shifting alliances shaped this pivotal moment in history, marking the end of an era.

Kyle Harper, a professor at the University of Oklahoma and author of 'The Fate of Rome', dives into the role of pandemics in the fall of the Roman Empire. He discusses the devastating effects of the Antonine and Cyprian plagues, linking disease to economic instability and military challenges. Harper explores how climate change intertwined with these pandemics, amplifying existing societal issues. He also examines the impact of luck in history and the transformative political shifts caused by these crises.