In this engaging discussion, Laurence Blair, an author and journalist known for his book 'Patria: Lost Countries of South America,' illuminates the rich tapestry of ancient Amazonian civilizations. He reveals how advanced societies with intricate agricultural practices thrived in the region 2,000 years ago. The conversation dives into groundbreaking archaeological discoveries, including the profound impact of terra preta on agriculture. Blair also highlights the resilience of indigenous cultures and their sustainable practices, challenging the notion of the Amazon as a mere wilderness.

Dr. Simon Kainer, an archaeologist from the University of East Anglia with a deep focus on prehistoric Japan, joins to unravel the captivating tales of the Jomon culture. He discusses the arrival of the first humans and their remarkable hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Listeners will learn about the intriguing stone circles and complex ceramics that showcase advanced craftsmanship. The conversation also probes the sophisticated societal structures of the Jomon, exploring how these ancient developments shaped Japan's cultural identity long before rice farming.

Joan Taylor, a Professor at King’s College London and expert on ancient history, dives into the fascinating world of the Copper Scroll. Unlike other Dead Sea Scrolls, this one is made of metal and features a treasure map. Taylor discusses the complexities of deciphering its unique Hebrew script and the intriguing history behind its creation. She also explores the quest for hidden treasures referenced in the scroll, highlighting archaeological challenges and the connection to ancient riches tied to the Essenes, all while reflecting on the historical context of its origin.

Dr. Louis Rawlings, a historian at Cardiff University and expert in ancient warfare, delves into the life of Pyrrhus of Epirus, a Greek warlord who dared to challenge Rome. The discussion highlights his rise amid the chaos following Alexander the Great's death and his impressive military strategies, including the use of war elephants. They explore the famed 'Pyrrhic Victory' at Asculum, underscoring the heavy toll it took on Pyrrhus's forces, and reflect on the lessons learned from his catastrophic later campaigns that defined his legacy.

Raven Todd daSilva is an archaeologist and author who delves into overlooked ancient civilizations, particularly the Thule Inuit. In their discussion, they explore the remarkable survival strategies of the Inuit in the Arctic, including innovative housing like igloos and the efficient use of tools for hunting whales and seals. The conversation highlights the significance of soapstone in their art and the cultural insights derived from archaeological findings. It's a captivating look into the ingenuity and resilience of these ancient peoples amidst harsh conditions.

Dr. Toby Wilkinson, a historian from Clare College, University of Cambridge, delves into the fascinating life of Ptolemy I, once a general under Alexander the Great, who became the first Greek Pharaoh of Egypt. He discusses Ptolemy's strategies for consolidating power in a chaotic post-Alexander era, including his efforts to bridge Greek and Egyptian cultures. The podcast highlights the establishment of Alexandria as a cultural hub and Ptolemy's clever use of Alexander's legacy to secure political legitimacy. A riveting exploration of a pivotal figure in ancient history!

Dr. Matthew Nicholls, a historian from St John's College, Oxford, shares fascinating insights into the Circus Maximus, the epicenter of ancient Roman chariot racing. He discusses the arena's architectural grandeur, its role in Roman society, and the electrifying atmosphere of race days. The conversation highlights the intense rivalries among charioteers, who were akin to today's sports stars, and the political implications of such events. Nicholls also explores how this monumental venue fell into decline, marking a shift in Rome's entertainment culture.

In a captivating discussion, archaeologist Dr. Matthew Vincent shares his expertise on the Edomites, an ancient people known for their connections to King Herod and significant events like their support for Babylon's conquest of Jerusalem. He reveals fascinating insights from excavations in Petra, emphasizing the Edomites' trade practices and semi-nomadic lifestyle. The conversation also highlights their unique language, religious beliefs, and archaeological links to the Nabataeans, shedding light on this lesser-known civilization's history and cultural legacy.

In this engaging discussion, Dr. Joyce Tyldesley OBE, an expert in ancient Egyptian history from the University of Manchester, delves into the mysteries of Anubis, the jackal-headed deity. She reveals the fascinating rituals of mummification and the belief systems surrounding the afterlife, including the weighing of hearts and insights from the Book of the Dead. The conversation also touches on the complex dynamics between Anubis and other gods in ancient mythology, providing a vivid picture of how these practices shaped Egyptian culture.

Reverend Professor Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones, an expert in ancient Persia from Cardiff University, dives into the life of Darius the Great, one of history's most influential Persian kings. They explore his rise to power and the complexities of establishing his legitimacy, including fascinating insights into his dual identity as both a benevolent ruler and conqueror. The discussion also covers Darius’ transformative reforms, infrastructure projects like the Royal Road, and his military campaigns, revealing the rich legacy he left behind.