The Ancients

Laura Spinney, a science journalist and author of 'Proto,' dives into the fascinating world of Indo-European languages and their origins. She explores the evolution from Proto-Indo-European roots to modern languages like Latin and Sanskrit. Spinney discusses the complexities of linguistic history, emphasizing diverse origins rather than a single starting point. Also highlighted are the techniques used by linguists and archaeologists to unravel ancient languages and the impact of the Yamnaya culture on language evolution and trade.

Lindsay Powell, a historian and author specializing in the Early Roman Imperial Period, uncovers the fascinating history of the Praetorian Guard. He discusses their evolution from personal bodyguards to a formidable military force, highlighting their crucial role in Roman power dynamics. Lindsay reveals how figures like Augustus and Tiberius shaped the Guard's functions and how their loyalty could influence political outcomes. The story of Sejanus's betrayal adds drama, emphasizing the complex relationship between power, military authority, and governance in ancient Rome.

In this engaging discussion, Professors Joan Taylor and Helen Bond dive into the life of John the Baptist, a pivotal figure in biblical history. They explore his wilderness lifestyle and radical messages against the backdrop of Roman-occupied Judea. The guests examine John’s linguistic abilities, his relationship with Jesus, and the historical context of his teachings. They also discuss his clash with Herod Antipas and how John’s legacy has been interpreted through the ages, illuminating his influence on both religious thought and artistic representation.

Emily Hauser, an author and historian from the University of Exeter, discusses the tragic figure of Cassandra, the prophetess of Troy, cursed to tell the truth but never be believed. The conversation dives into the timeless nature of her story, examining her portrayal in Homer's epics and how it reflects themes of misogyny and women's voices in ancient literature. They also explore Cassandra's prophecies, the interplay between mythology and history, and her legacy as a symbol of resistance against patriarchy.

Guy Maclean Rogers, a classicist historian and author of 'For the Freedom of Zion,' delves into the tumultuous Great Jewish Revolt of 70 AD. He discusses the rising tensions in Judea, highlighting Rome's mismanagement and the devastating siege of Jerusalem, which led to the destruction of the Second Temple. Rogers also sheds light on the contradictory accounts of historian Josephus, the political dynamics of the region, and the cultural significance of the revolt, emphasizing its lasting impact on Jewish identity and interfaith relations.

In this discussion, paleontologist Henry Gee explores the incredible journey from ancient apes to modern humans. He reveals how early bipedalism gave our ancestors a competitive edge and dives into the fossil record's gaps that hinder our understanding. With intriguing insights on Homo erectus' endurance adaptations and social behaviors, Gee illustrates their pivotal role in human evolution. The conversation also touches on the complex interactions with Neanderthals and Denisovans, showcasing the intricate narrative of survival and adaptation throughout our history.

Join Professor Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, an expert in Roman archaeology from the University of Cambridge, as he takes you on a journey through the fascinating ruins of Herculaneum. Discover how this lesser-known town, buried by Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, reveals intimate details of daily Roman life through its lavish villas and bustling shops. Learn about the groundbreaking AI technology being used to unlock ancient texts and explore the unique social dynamics that defined this vibrant community, offering insights that contrast starkly with its more famous neighbor, Pompeii.

Dr. Kevin MacDonald, a Professor of African archaeology at University College London, dives into the enigmatic Nok culture of ancient Nigeria. He discusses their breathtaking terracotta figurines and advancements in iron metallurgy. The conversation reveals insights about their societal structure, the challenges in preserving artifacts amidst looting, and fascinating cultural exchanges with neighboring regions. MacDonald also explores the significance of object imperfection in rituals and the lasting legacy of the Nok, shedding light on one of Africa's earliest civilizations.

Tristan Hughes is joined by Professor Caroline Winterer, an expert in the history of geology and paleontology, who authored a book on America's deep time revolution. They explore 19th-century fossil discoveries and how they reshaped perceptions of the continent's age. The conversation touches on walking on 4 billion-year-old rocks, the allure of iconic dinosaurs like the T-Rex, and the political implications of these finds in establishing American cultural identity. Winterer highlights the role of fossil narratives in shaping historical context and national pride.

Join Professor Alastair Blanshard, an expert in ancient Greek history from the University of Queensland, as he unravels the dramatic fall of Athens in 404 BC. Discover how the long struggle with Sparta, highlighted by key figures like Lysander and Alcibiades, transformed the city. Explore themes of ambitious military strategy, the complex shifts in alliances with Persia, and the erosion of confidence in Athenian democracy that led to their downfall. A riveting journey through one of history's pivotal moments awaits!