The Phenomenology philosophy is a school of philosophy that originated in the 20th century. With Edmund Husserl Phenomenology was born but it was the phenomenology Heidegger innovated that reoriented the course of European philosophy. The Phenomenology of Husserl and Heidegger (whose respective philosophies are called Transcendental Phenomenology and Existential Phenomenology) does not seek after external objective truth—as philosophy and science generally do—phenomenology strives for subjective truth—in Husserl’s case it is an attempt to make a subjective science of consciousness. Husserl developed a method for attaining this truth which involves reducing away the noise so as to isolate the essence of a phenomenon. Heidegger parted from Husserl saying that phenomenology could not be a science with knowledge because the meaning of a phenomenon is context-dependent. Heidegger moves from Husserl’s epistemological project to an ontological program. There is a growing scholarship looking at the connection between phenomenology and eastern philosophy. It is even said that Heidgger was influenced in his conception of Dasein as being-in-the-world through a German commentator on Taoist philosopher Chuang-tzu. _________________⭐ Support the channel (thank you!)▶ Patreon: patreon.com/thelivingphilosophy▶ Ko-fi: ko-fi.com/thelivingphilosophy _________________📚 Sources:Heidegger, M., 2010. Being and time. Suny Press.Husserl, E., 1999. The essential Husserl: Basic writings in transcendental phenomenology. Indiana University Press.Smith, David Woodruff, 2018. "Phenomenology", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/phenomenology/._________________⌛ Timestamps:0:00 Intro0:42 History of Phenomenology1:46 What is Phenomenology5:59 Husserl’s Phenomenological Method7:52 Heidegger’s Ontological Twist9:17 Phenomenology and Eastern Philosophy

There are many legends and lies surrounding the question of why Nietzsche went mad. After the German philosopher had a mental breakdown in a Turin square January 1889, the initial diagnosis was paretic syphilis. But as later investigators point this definitely wasn’t the case. In this episode we are going to explore the “circus-like history of controversies over the syphilis diagnosis”. Nietzsche was diagnosed with the disease despite meeting none of the five core symptoms of paretic syphilis. This initial diagnosis and its early backer—the notorious popular science writer Dr Mobius—was scrutinised by two biographers in the late 1920s but they were completely overshadowed by the account of the psychiatrist Lange-Eichbaum—an admirer of Mobius—who started the myth that Nietzsche had been treated for syphilis in 1867 during his student years in Leipzig. Despite the fact this information came from Mobius (who allegedly heard it from two Leipzig doctors that nobody has ever been able to track down and whose letters informing him of the matter had since been destroyed) it became canonical history. It took 70 years beyond Lange-Eichmann’s work before this narrative was questioned. In his pivotal article on the matter Leonard Sax sums up the situation as a case of:“One man's gossip becomes another man's reference, which in turn becomes a scholar's footnote.”But Nietzsche’s madness was not caused by syphilis and we don’t know the real cause. Sax argues for its being a brain tumour; another author Eva Cybulska argues that it was a result of Nietzsche having bipolar disorder and others again argue its origin was purely psychological. Short of exhuming his body there is no way of confirming for sure. _________________⭐ Support the channel (thank you!)▶ Patreon: patreon.com/thelivingphilosophy▶ Ko-fi: ko-fi.com/thelivingphilosophy _________________📚 Sources:Primary Papers:Cybulska, E.M., 2000. The madness of Nietzsche: a misdiagnosis of the millennium?. Hospital Medicine, 61(8), pp.571-575.Sax, L., 2003. What was the cause of Nietzsche's dementia?. Journal of Medical Biography, 11(1), pp.47-54.Further Reading:Breazeale, D., 1991. Ecce Psycho: Remarks on the case of Nietzsche. International studies in philosophy, 23(2), pp.19-33.Hollingdale, R.J., 2001. Nietzsche: The man and his philosophy. Cambridge University Press.Huenemann, C., 2008. Nietzsche's illness. in The Oxford Handbook of Nietzsche. edited by Gemes, K. and Richardson, J.  Oxford University Press.Kaufmann, W.A., 2013. Nietzsche: Philosopher, psychologist, antichrist (Vol. 104). Princeton University Press.Nietzsche, F.W., 1968. Basic writings of Nietzsche. Modern Library Classics.________________🎶 Music Used:1. Magnetic — CO.AG Music2. Juniper — Kevin MacLeod3. End of the Era — Kevin MacLeod4. Mesmerise — Kevin MacLeod5. Evening Fall Harp — Kevin MacLeod 6. Anguish— Kevin MacLeodSubscribe to Kevin MacLeod https://www.youtube.com/user/kmmusicSubscribe to CO.AG Music https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcav... _________________⌛ Timestamps:0:00 Intro0:36 Nietzsche’s Turin Breakdown1:28 Nietzsche’s Diagnosis and Syphilis’s Symptoms 3:13 Why Nietzsche Didn’t Have Syphilis7:26 How the Myth of Nietzsche’s Syphilis Became History10:45 What Did Nietzsche Really Die of?11:38 Conclusion_________________#nietzsche #thelivingphilosophy #philosophy

Dive into the fascinating clash of Nihilism, Existentialism, and Absurdism—three philosophies tackling the question of life's meaning. Explore how Nihilism emerged in the 19th century with the notion of a world devoid of objective purpose. Discover Sartre’s radical claim that existence precedes essence, granting individuals the power to create their own meaning. Unravel the struggle against life's absurdity, illuminated by Camus's myth of Sisyphus, exploring how we can find affirmation in a seemingly meaningless existence.

The friendship of Camus and Sartre went from bromance to bitter hatred. The two giants of 20th-century philosophy first became friends during WW2 but the friendship was doomed to fail. The conflict of Camus vs. Sartre boils down to their political philosophy. The philosophy of Albert Camus was one of peace and valued the individual human being; the philosophy of Jean Paul Sartre on the other hand emphasised the need to end oppression and colonialism. Sartre and Camus falling out was one of the major events of 20th century philosophy. It represented two paths forward in the world. In this episode of the living philosophy we explore the friendship of Camus and Sartre and the bitter feud that brought it to an end. _________________📚 Further Reading:Camus, A., 2013. The Myth of Sisyphus. Penguin UK.Camus, A., 2012. The rebel: An essay on man in revolt. Vintage.Camus, A., 2013. The outsider. Penguin UK.Sartre, J., 1960 Tribute to Albert Camus http://faculty.webster.edu/corbetre/philosophy/existentialism/camus/sartre-tribute.htmlSecondary:Aronson, R., 2004. Camus and Sartre: The story of a friendship and the quarrel that ended it. University of Chicago Press.Foley, J., 2014. Albert Camus: From the absurd to revolt. Routledge.Todd, O., 2015. Albert Camus: A Life. Random House.________________⌛  Timestamps:0:00 Intro1:20 The Friendship 4:03 The Shadows of Conflict5:58 Camus’s The Rebel and the Explosive Feud9:36 Their Conflicting Responses to the Algerian Crisis 14:44 Camus’s Death, Sartre’s Obituary and Disdain for Camus17:08 Conclusion: Camus vs. Sartre

Nietzsche and Emerson don’t seem like they should go together. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a spiritual nature-loving Transcendentalist and Friedrich Nietzsche was a self-proclaimed Antichrist. But the truth is that Nietzsche loved Ralph Waldo Emerson and while he was far from agreement with him on many points, he felt that Emerson was a “twin soul” and only wished that he could go back and give this great nature a proper education. When you cut past the superficial differences the beating heart of both philosophies are deeply related—both throw aside the revelations of other authorities in order to form a personal relationship with truth, both believe in the power of the individual and the importance of genius. At the core of the philosophy of Nietzsche and of Emerson’s philosophy was the conviction that philosophy was something that you lived. Nietzsche first read the philosophy of Emerson as a 17 year old schoolboy and his relationship with Emerson spanned a quarter century all the way to the end of his career in 1889. In this episode we explore this strange but potent connection between Ralph Waldo Emerson and Nietzsche. _________________📚 Further Reading:Nietzsche:Nietzsche, F., 1974. The Gay Science: with a prelude in German rhymes and an appendix of songs (Vol. 985). Vintage.Nietzsche, F., 1977. Thus Spoke Zarathustra  in The Portable Nietzsche. Penguin Routledge.Nietzsche, F., 1968. The Birth of Tragedy  and Ecce Homo in Basic writings of Nietzsche . Modern Library Classics.Secondary:Andler, C., 1920. Nietzsche, sa vie et sa pensée (Vol. 1). Éditions Bossard.Cavell, S. (1991). Aversive Thinking: Emersonian Representations in Heidegger and Nietzsche. New Literary History, 22(1), 129-160. doi:10.2307/469146Hummel, H., 1946. Emerson and Nietzsche. New England Quarterly, pp.63-84.Zavatta, B., 2019. Individuality and Beyond: Nietzsche Reads Emerson. Oxford University Press._________________🎶 Music Used:1. Magnetic — CO.AG Music2. Juniper — Kevin MacLeod3. Mesmerise — Kevin MacLeod4. Evening Fall Harp — Kevin MacLeod5. End of the Era — Kevin MacLeod6. Memory Lane — Kevin MacLeod7. Americana Aspiring — Kevin MacLeod Subscribe to Kevin MacLeod https://www.youtube.com/user/kmmusicSubscribe to CO.AG Music https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcav... _________________⌛ Timestamps:0:00 Intro1:56 Nietzsche Long Love for Emerson5:45 Nietzsche Contra Emerson7:15 Emerson’s Influence in Nietzsche’s Work10:40 The Biographical Explanation for Their Affinity_________________#nietzsche #thelivingphilosophy #emerson #philosophy