
Unlayered
Think beyond Ethereum and dive deep into the world of next generation blockchains. Join us as we engage with founders, engineers, researchers, investors, and critics of high-throughput, low-fee, parallelized blockchains like Solana, Monad, Sei, and more. Unlayered is for crypto natives eager to stay updated with the latest developments, complementing shows that focus primarily on Ethereum and its layered scaling approach.
Latest episodes

Dec 15, 2023 • 59min
Building A World Free Of Currencies | Prophet (MetaDAO)
One of the most interesting experiments in all of crypto right now is The MetaDAO Project. Prophet's vision for MetaDAO is to create a decentralized autonomous organization that's governed by markets instead of politics. We start the episode by first discussing the organizational challenges that have plagued DAOs in the past and how futarchies, initially proposed by economist Robin Hanson in the early 2000s, could be the answer. We then dive into what the early days of MetaDAO will look like and how it will evolve over time. Finally, we talk about how futarchies built on DeFi primitives might completely remove the need for base currencies.
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Time Stamps
(0:00) - Intro to futarchy-based governance
(10:51) - Misaligned incentives
(13:22) - Scaling futarchy
(19:27) - MetaDao proposals
(25:32) - Potential downsides
(41:34) - Does crypto make all currencies redundant?
(48:33) - Can defi operate without mediums of exchange
(51:36) - Coinbase’s view of continued dollar dominance
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Prophet : https://twitter.com/Metaproph3t
Follow MetaDAO : https://twitter.com/MetaDAOProject

Dec 8, 2023 • 1h 3min
Why Crypto Matters | Tushar Jain (Multicoin)
Our conversation with Tushar, Cofounder and Managing Partner at Multicoin, is a refreshing change-of-pace from our usual set of topics. We talk about why crypto even needs to exist in the first place and what types of applications benefit most from the advent of permissionless digital assets. We also learn about how Tushar spots opportunities in the market from the perspective of an investor and what areas he's most excited for in the near-term.
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Time Stamps
(0:00) - Why crypto matters
(9:45) - Defi’s Endgame
(13:57) - What doesn’t need a blockchain
(19:12) - DePIN’s superpower
(26:42) - Long-term L1 staking
(33:23) - Will MEV be accepted by regulators
(38:49) - Blast controversy
(45:15) - How does Eth accrue value in a rollup world
(49:52) - How to be early to investments
(51:59) - Which narratives could lead next bull market
(54:50) - Web 3 defensibility
(59:05) - Could ICOs ever re-emerge?
(1:00:28) - Secret to being a good founder
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/salxyz
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Tushar : https://twitter.com/TusharJain_

Nov 30, 2023 • 1h 9min
Will $SOL Reach $3,000 by 2030?
We chat with Patrick Bush of Van Eck to get his take on how their recent report painted a $3k SOL bullish scenario based on various fundamentals. Throughout the discussion, we touch on various metrics the underpin Van Eck's valuation framework and learn more about how Patrick views the current crypto landscape in terms of adoption and potential growth drivers.
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Time Stamps
(1:10) - Crypto valuation fundamentals
(7:28) - Layer 1 valuation methodology
(10:28) - Can Eth maintain a premium on take rate Vs Sol
(17:42) - Is TVL king?
(20:23) - Valuing ‘moneyness’
(28:03) - Solana thesis validation in real time
(36:02) - Sol’s superior design space
(41:39) - Is DePIN overhyped?
(50:32) - How to reach 2030 bull forecasts
(55:13) - Have the institutions arrived?
(59:46) - Crypto regulations
(1:06:56) - Closing thoughts
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Patrick : https://twitter.com/Patrick_Bush_VE
Follow Van Eck: https://twitter.com/VanEck_US
Van Eck Solana Report: https://www.vaneck.com/us/en/blogs/digital-assets/matthew-sigel-vanecks-base-bear-bull-case-solana-valuation-by-2030/

Nov 23, 2023 • 1h 3min
From FTX To Next-Gen CEX | Armani Ferrante (Backpack)
Armani is one of Solana's most prolific contributors. From Anchor to Madlads to Backpack and now Backpack Exchange, his vision for bringing crypto to the masses is truly multi-faceted. In this conversation, we focus primarily on his ambitions for Backpack Exchange. We dig into his learnings from working as an engineer at FTX, how Backpack is architected from a technical standpoint, and how he sees crypto adoption playing out in the near future.
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Time Stamps
0:00 - Piecing together Armani’s journey to this point
9:59 - Backpack Exchange overview
17:26 - Could this be the future of all centralised exchanges
25:37 - Avoiding the mistakes of AOL
27:01 - Strategy behind other CEXs launching L2s
32:10 - NFTs as a Go-To-Market strategy
35:30 - Multichain strategy
40:07 - Designing UX around crypto’s potential endgame
46:19 - Do L2s and app chains make sense
50:08 - Unlocks and roadblocks for xNFTs
57:13 - Advice for crypto founders
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Armani: https://twitter.com/armaniferrante
Follow Backpack: https://twitter.com/xNFT_backpack
Follow Madlads: https://twitter.com/MadLadsNFT
Backpack Exchange : https://backpack.exchange

Nov 17, 2023 • 1h 12min
How Solana Reached Escape Velocity | Kel (Messari)
We catch up with Kel, Messari's pre-eminent Solana researcher, to see how his views have changed since we last spoke during the summer. Specifically, what can we look forward to on Solana in the short, medium, and long term? What are some key remaining headwinds to overcome? We cover these key questions and a bunch of others throughout this discussion.
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Time Stamps
(0:00) - Price leading narrative
(3:52) - Being caught offside
(5:41) - Are institutions buying
(11:23) - Impact of upcoming airdrops
(15:11) - The need for SPL token launches
(19:55) - Breaking out of the points meta
(22:30) - The death of social?
(24:13) - Solana project diversity
(26:08) - Do L1s need native CEX integrations to succeed
(28:49) - Sal’s Breakpoint takeaways
(31:55) - Solana headwinds
(36:54) - Which narratives are overheated
(42:41) - Eth Vs Sol alignment
(51:49) - Sol token economics
(57:24) - End state for Eth defi
(1:01:28) - Stablecoins on Solana
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Clips on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Kel: https://twitter.com/kelxyz_
Kel’s Solana Report: https://twitter.com/kelxyz_/status/1673725589876797441?s=20
Follow Messari: https://twitter.com/MessariCrypto

Nov 10, 2023 • 1h 3min
Crypto's Role in Payments w/ Arnold (Sphere Labs)
Arnold, Founder and CEO of Sphere Labs, joins Sal on Unlayered to talk about payments. Throughout the conversation, we try to separate hype from reality when it comes to crypto’s role in transforming global payments infrastructure. We also discuss how payments networks differ in various jurisdictions and recent advancements TradFi has made with respect to real-time payments
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Time Stamps
0:00 - How crypto and payments can work together
4:47 - How to abstract away the crypto token
11:49 - Signs of initial adoption
19:00 - Sphere’s unique insights
26:42 - Solana’s adoption of tether
29:12 - Sphere’s target userbase
37:04 - Legal framework behind deposit limits
42:31 - Tradfi advancements in payments
47:58 - Crypto offering 100x improvements
50:42 - Synergies between Solana-based payment projects
54:45 - What needs to happen near time to transform payments
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Clips on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Arnold : https://twitter.com/0xdirichlet
Follow Sphere : https://twitter.com/Sphere_Labs
Sphere website : https://spherepay.co

Nov 2, 2023 • 59min
Combining Ethereum's Reach and Solana's Speed, Eclipse w/ Neel Somani
Neel Somani is the Founder & CEO of Eclipse and has an ambitious vision to build Ethereum’s fastest Layer 2 blockchain by tapping into Solana’s Virtual Machine (SVM) as the execution environment. We start our discussion by deconstructing the landscape of L2s in order to better understand where Eclipse fits in and why Neel views Eclipse’s approach as preferable. We also dig into Neel’s conscious design decision to tap into ETH’s massive network effects while simultaneously leveraging Solana’s high-throughput execution environment. Eclipse’s unique position amongst L2s may ultimately prove to be mutually beneficial to both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems, and we unpack why that may be the case throughout the interview.- -
Time Stamps
0:00 - How did you get to this point
3:21 - Who are Eclipse’s stakeholders
8:37 - Comparison to OP Stack
14:03 - Rollup fundamentals
19:29 - Tradeoffs from losing EVM comparability
22:22 - Key unlock of local fee markets
24:21 - Eclipse positioning across ecosystems
27:14 - Can Eth retain network effects
30:51 - Does Eclipse destroy Eth’s value accrual
33:40 - Would Eclipse ever turn away from Eth
34:50 - Do L2s need tokens
36:42 - Go-To-Market strategy
39:44 - Do L2s need to decentralise their sequencers
43:10 - Who wins the L1 wars
46:40 - How will people use crypto products
49:20 - Which verticals are most bullish
53:32 - Crypto and AI
55:49 - Eclipse roadmap
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Clips on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Neel : https://twitter.com/NeelSalami
Follow Eclipse : https://twitter.com/EclipseFND
Eclipse website : https://eclipse.builders
Eclipse blog : https://mirror.xyz/eclipsemainnet.eth
Neel’s personal blog : https://www.neelsomani.com/blog/

Oct 28, 2023 • 1h 10min
The Star Atlas Story & Gaming On-Chain
We chat with Michael Wagner, Founder & CEO of Star Atlas, about everything crypto gaming. We start with the origins of building the Star Atlas game before diving into a litany of topics covering fully on-chain games vs minimally on-chain games, dealing with botting, IP rights, economic balance, and many others. We also spend a good deal of time understanding Star Atlas's multi-pronged approach to engaging with their userbase across desktop, mobile, and augmented reality applications.
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Time Stamps
0:00 - Pre Breakpoint excitement
4:44 - Star Atlas origins
11:12 - Why build on Solana vs App Chain
19:00 - Modding and IP rights
22:14 - Building a sustainable game economy
29:20 - How to deal with botting
36:12 - Thinking about player types
41:33 - How much state can be recorded on-chain
45:55 - Hiding on-chain state from players
47:01 - Future of gaming venues
54:42 - Star Atlas tokenomics
1:01:34 - Using novel mobile games to increase touch points with the players
1:06:05 - Advice for builders
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Clips on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Michael : https://twitter.com/at_mwagner
Follow Star Atlas : https://twitter.com/staratlas
Play Star Atlas : https://play.staratlas.com
Sal’s Web 3 gaming megathread : https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull/status/1575969083492810772

Oct 19, 2023 • 1h 11min
RNDR: How 'Airbnb for Graphics Cards' is Powering AI & Modern Media
We sit down with Jules Urbach and Trevor Harries-Jones to chat about Render Network, a protocol built on Solana that lets users rent out access to their graphics cards like they would their spare bedroom on Airbnb. We start the conversation with a deep-dive into the origins of Render by chatting about Jules' journey through founding Otoy and revolutionizing rendered media in Hollywood. We get into the mechanics of how Jules was about to clearly identify a future spike in demand for GPU-driven graphic rendering in 2008. That historical context serves as an excellent launching point into Jules' current thesis on the need for distributed GPU access to power exponentially increasing AI and Spatial Computing jobs. We also learn about the RNDR network journey from 2017 to present across multiple L1 ecosystems before settling on Solana by way of Trevor. It's an extremely insightful conversation that touches on multiple converging technological trends.
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Time Stamps
0:00 - History of OTOY
11:40 - Rising demand for GPUs
21:50 - Render’s multi billion dollar GPU arbitrage
26:23 - Octane app
30:00 - Move from Ethereum to Solana
33:40 - Render’s supply and demand
39:56 - Render Tokenomics
46:27 - Dealing with crypto skepticism
48:37 - Perceived dangers of AI
54:44 - Jules’ vision for the metaverse
1:00:35 - Spacial computing and its unlock for human connections
1:06:08 - What makes a great founder
1:07:09 - Which tech advancements most excite
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Clips on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Jules : https://twitter.com/JulesUrbach
Follow Trevor : https://twitter.com/drjonessf
Render website : https://RenderNetwork.com
Multicoin Capital essay on Render : https://multicoin.capital/2021/12/21/rendering-the-metaverse/

Oct 12, 2023 • 1h 22min
Matty's Masterclass on Tokenomics (@mattyTokenomics)
Matty is one of the world's foremost experts on tokenomics, having led token design efforts for Status.im and advising 50+ projects on their token design to-date. Throughout this episode, we unpack various topics within Matty's open-source guide "Tokenomics for Builders" and ask him to elaborate on some of the key Dos and Don'ts of incentivizing user behavior with tokens. We also cover why historical examples like STEPN and Steemit failed and chat about the importance of sybil resistance in making any design work. This episode is a great primer into the world of tokenomics and is an incredibly useful resource for builders, investors, researchers, and anyone in-between.
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Time Stamps
0:00 - What are tokenomics
5:27 - Defensibility of web3 network effects
9:30 - Uniswap and Unibot as token models
16:21 - Has Friendtech solved social model
20:57 - Incentivising low vs high frequency activity
26:44 - Overcoming the cold start problem
33:11 - What Stepn got right and wrong
39:53 - Is holder governance a good idea
42:50 - Matty’s current projects
51:06 - Are tokenomics held back by regulation
55:22 - Achieving Sybil resistance
1:00:07 - Are bull runs driven by new tokenomic models
1:04:30 - Which projects have innovated
1:15:23 - What is Matty bearish on
1:17:38 - Tokenomics Design Canvas for builders
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Podcast Resources
Follow Sal: https://twitter.com/Sal_The_Bull
Follow Dave: https://twitter.com/SolBeachBum
Follow Unlayered: https://twitter.com/UnlayeredPod
Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, or Google: https://unlayered.io/
Clips on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UnlayeredPod
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Episode Resources
Follow Matty Tokenomics : https://twitter.com/MattyTokenomics
Tokenomics For Builders : https://tr.ee/8sTcnRLPTZ
Tokenomics Design Canvas : https://tr.ee/fcCeSk9smS
Tokenomics Design Playlist : https://tr.ee/Bj9NbTkuQg
Multicoin DePIN Tokenomics : https://multicoin.capital/2023/09/21/exploring-the-design-space-of-deping-networks/