This Week in Virology

Michael Worobey joins TWiV to explain evidence that SARS-CoV-2 emerged via the wildlife trade and that the Huanan market was the unambiguous epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Guest: Michael Worobey Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Early COVID-19 cases in Wuhan (TWiV 833) Huanan market was epicenter of COVID-19 (Zenodo) Two spillover events launched COVID-19 pandemic (Zenodo) Robert Malone and Peter McCullough: A litany of untruths (Decoding the Gurus) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Kartchner Caverns (info from Wikipedia here) Kathy – Laminar flow and turbulent flow Rich – Wikipedia Vincent – The Human Lake by Carl Zimmer Listener Picks Brad – NASASpaceflight Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses the virome of game animals in China, and the finding that binding of sarbecoviruses to ACE2 is an ancestral and evolvable trait. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Amy Rosenfeld Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode WHO declaration of COVID-19 pandemic Virome of China game animals (Cell) ACE2 binding is ancestral and evolvable (Nature) Letters read on TWiV 875 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Ship found at the bottom of the sea Amy – Vaccinating kids has never been easy Vincent – State data and CDC data on children and COVID-19 Listener Picks Andrew – Books by Randall Munroe Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #105, Daniel Griffin discusses changes in brain structure after infection, dementia in patients with pneumonia, Paxlovid in children, mask effectiveness in schools, host factors and severe disease, post-acute symptoms, and the mission of CEPI. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Infection and changes in brain structure (Nature) Dementia among pneumonia survivors (Open Forum Inf Dis) Narrative dynamics around COVID-19 vaccines (FSI) Children and COVID (AAP) Paxlovid in pediatric patients (Pfizer) Mask effectiveness in schools (MMWR) Host factors and severe disease (Nature) Antiviral efficacy against BA.2 (NEJM) Post-acute symptoms, Denmark (medRxiv) Risk of sequelae after infection (BMJ) CEPI (TWiV 612) Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PWB Letters read on TWiV 874 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews the six known coronaviruses that infect pigs and what can be learned about human infections, and how the giant Mimivirus DNA genome is organized into a nucleocapsid. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Click arrow to play Download TWiV 873 (128 MB .mp3, 107 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ABRCMS ePoster Spring Symposium for Emerging Scientists Porcine coronaviruses (Virol Sin) Mimivirus nucleocapsid (bioRxiv) Letters read on TWiV 873 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – The Dinosaur Age May Have Ended in Springtime Alan – The Track of the Typhoon, and me reading it. Rich – 12 Monkeys Vincent – Anna Mason’s Art Channel Listener Picks Richard – SARS-CoV-2 in animals: Situation report #9 Jason – Counting App and CountThings from Photos Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #104, Daniel Griffin reviews effectiveness of mRNA vaccines among children, number of children affected by disease, accuracy of rapid antigen tests, CDC guidance for prevention strategies, monoclonal antibody effectiveness, predicting progression to severe respiratory failure from pneumonia, risk of long COVID after two vaccine doses, and peripheral neuropathy in long COVID. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Vaccine effectiveness 5-11 year olds (medRxiv) Vaccine effectiveness vs ED and UCE 5-12 year olds (medRxiv) Children affected by COVID (Lancet) Accuracy of rapid antigen tests (medRxiv) COVID community levels (CDC) Therapeutics guidelines (WHO) Mortality among SOT (Clin Inf Dis) Long COVID after two vaccine doses (medRxiv) Peripheral neuropathy in COVID patients (Neurology) Letters read on TWiV 872 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses whether or not Omicron should be designated a new serotype of SARS-CoV-2, and the finding that amino acid changes that adapt SARS-CoV-2 to mink or ferret do not increase fitness in the human airway. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ABRCMS ePoster Spring Symposium for Emerging Scientists ASV Annual Meeting Registration (ASV) Microbiology & Immunology at LSU Health Is Omicron a new serotype? (Nat Rev Micr) Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to mink/ferret (Cell Rep) Letters read on TWiV 871 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Alan – Which Immune Cell Are You? and Michaeleen Doucleff’s article Rich – Vaccinated: One Man’s Quest to Defeat the World’s Deadliest Diseases by Paul A. Offit Vincent – Ebola on Canvas Listener Picks Les – Ologies podcast Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #102, Daniel Griffin covers immunocompromised people, hospitalization of children, vaccine usage update, Omicron and cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, reinfection prevents disease in hamsters, repeated infections with endemic coronaviruses, global burden of antimicrobial resistance, ivermectin not protective in hamsters, and Omicron evades therapeutic monoclonals. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode What does society owe immunocompromised people (Atlantic) Prevalence of immunosuppression in US (JAME) Hospitalizations of children (MMWR) Clinical considerations for vaccines (CDC) Sanofi seeks vaccine approval (Sanofi) Omicron triggers cross-reactive neutralization (medRxiv) Reinfection prevents disease in hamsters (Cell) Repeated infections with endemic CoV (J Inf Dis) Global burden of antimicrobial resistance (Lancet) Ivermectin not protective in hamsters (bioRxiv) Omicron evades therapeutic monoclonals (bioRxiv) Letters read on TWiV 870 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews epidemiological and experimental evidence that infection with Epstein-Barr virus leads to the production of antibodies against a viral protein that cross-react with a human protein, leading to multiple sclerosis. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ABRCMS ePoster Spring Symposium for Emerging Scientists ASV Annual Meeting Registration (ASV) Microbiology & Immunology at LSU Health Viremia in human poliomyelitis (J Exp Med) EBV associated with MS (Science) MS antibodies Bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM (Nature) Letters read on TWiV 869 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Rapid intensification of the emerging southwestern North American megadrought in 2020–2021 Brianne – Which Immune Cell Are You? Rich – Nikola Tesla – 3D Anamorphosis Vincent – Paul’s Uncle Doesn’t Want to Get Vaccinated Listener Picks Bob – The 1969 Apollo Guidance Computer Anne – Decoding the Gurus with Dan Wilson Beth – FrenchGuyCooking Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #102, Daniel Griffin reviews children and COVID, effectiveness of maternal vaccination, vaccines for immunocompromised, primary care physicians and vaccination rates, booster safety among adults, placentitis, azithromycin, oral Nirmatrelvir, Omicron antibody evasion, EUA for bebtelovimab, IL-1 blocking agents, thromboprophylaxis, effectiveness of vaccines against long COVID, and risks of mental health outcomes. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Children and COVID state data (AAP) Effectiveness of maternal vaccination (MMWR) Vaccines for immunocompromised (CDC) PCP and vaccination rates (JAMA) Booster safety among adults (MMWR) Placental tissue destruction and placentitis (Arch Path Lab Med) Azithromycin meta-analysis (J Antimicrob Chemo) Oral Nirmatrelvir for high-risk, nonhospitalized adults (NEJM) Omicron antibody evasion (bioRxiv) EUA for bebtelovimab (FDA) IL-1 blocking agents (Cochrane) Thromboprophylaxis (Chest) Effectiveness of vaccines against long COVID (UK Health) COVID complications in Australia (Lancet) Risks of mental health outcomes (BMJ) Letters read on TWiV 868 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews an experimental, intranasally administered SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that utilizes adenovirus vectors to deliver three viral proteins and induces immunity to ancestral and variant isolates. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Dorothy Horstmann (Wikipedia) Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 experimental vaccine (Cell) t-SNE (Wikipedia) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Kathy – 477-mile-long megaflash lightning in Seattle Times (originally Washington Post) and extra info from Rich World Meteorological Org Rich – NIAID Global Research (Mali) Alan – New method for recycling electric car batteries Vincent – Q&A with A&V Listener Picks Addie – Vaccine Podcast Jennie – Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, aka Your Local Epidemiologist Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv