This Week in Virology

From ASV 2022 in Madison, Wisconsin, TWiV speaks with Pamela Bjorkman and Andy Mehle about their careers and their research on influenza virus, HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza virus. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Guests: Pamela Bjorkman and Andy Mehle Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Bjorkman laboratory Mehle laboratory Finding the groove (Nat Immunol) Structure of HLA-A2 (Nat Immunol) Mosaic RBD nanoparticles (Science) Influenza virus PB2 627 (J Virol) ANP32B or not to be (eLife) Influenza virus compartmentalization (Nat Commun) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #124, Dr. Griffin discusses the results of a variant vaccine booster trial, the neutralization of variant sub-lineages by Novavax, the CDC's recommendation of Novavax's COVID-19 vaccine in adults, Paxlovid in patients who are immunocompromised and hospitalized, and inhaled fluticasone for outpatient treatment. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Variant vaccine boosters trial (medRxiv) Novavax triggers neutralization of variant sub-lineages (bioRxiv) CDC recommends Novavax (CDC) Paxlovid in patients who are immunocompromised and hospitalized (The Lancet) Inhaled Fluticasone for outpatient treatment (medRxiv) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury) Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 921 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews the FDA decision to update COVID-19 vaccine boosters in the fall, the meaning of fatigue with respect to long COVID, and a skin volatile induced by flavivirus reproduction that attracts mosquitoes to the infected host. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode COVID-19 vaccine booster composition (FDA) Settling in for the long haul (Crooked Timber) Flavivirus-induced skin volatile attracts mosquitoes (Cell) Letters read on TWiV 919 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Redactle Kathy – Kirigami paper replacing plastic bubble wrap Rich – First Images from the James Webb Space Telescope (Gravitational lens; Einstein ring) Vincent – Spotted lanternfly Listener Picks Ann – NASA Engineer Who Made the James Webb Space Telescope Work Sonrisa – Aloft – the pleasures and risks of flying Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #123, Dr. Griffin discusses rapid diagnostic testing in response to the monkeypox outbreak, leading causes of death in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic, antibody evasion by subvariants, broadly-neutralizing antibodies against emerging variants, factors associated with severe outcomes among hospitalized immunocompromised adults, measurement of the burden of hospitalizations during the pandemic, parental vaccine hesitancy in diverse communities, evaluating saliva sampling to improve access to diagnosis in low-resource settings, oral sabizabulin for high-risk hospitalized adults, lower-risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation during infection. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Monkeypox outbreak rapid testing response (CDC) Leading causes of death during pandemic (JAMA) FDA recommends vaccine update (FDA) Antibody evasion by subvariants (Nature) Broadly-Neutralizing antibodies against variants (Frontiers in Immunology) Severe outcomes factors in immunocompromised adults (CDC) Measurement of the burden of hospitalizations (OFID) Vaccine hesitancy among parents (Academic Pediatrics) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury) Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) Saliva evaluation to improve diagnostics (ASTMH) Oral Sabizabulin for high-risk adults (NEJM) Lower risk of MIS-C in children (CID) Neurovascular injury during infection (Brain) Paul Offit on TWiV 917 Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 918 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Paul Offit returns to TWiV to discuss why, during the recent FDA advisory committee meeting, he voted against releasing revised COVID-19 vaccines containing an Omicron component, and the reasons why children must be vaccinated against the disease. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Guest: Paul Offit Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode 28 June 2022 VRBPAC meeting materials (FDA) Don't rush to change COVID vaccines (STAT) Monkeypox situation report #1 (WHO) Letters read on TWiV 917 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Woody Herman and his orchestra. 1955-1965. Signature song: The Preacher. Signature album: Woody Herman and His Orchestra (1956) Kathy – Solargraphic analemmas Rich – Windy (desktop; app) Vincent – Why monkeypox is mostly hitting men who have sex with men Listener Picks Mark – Hand Wash Dance – NHK WORLD-JAPAN Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #122, Dr. Griffin discusses vaccine availability and coverage among children, post-infection health impairments in children and adolescents, infection detection using salvia and nasopharyngeal samples, effectiveness of vaccines during delta dominance, durability of vaccine against severe outcomes, concern in the postvaccination era, infection rebound after Paxlovid & Molnupiravir, lack of improvement after adding ivermectin to standard care, duration of shedding of virus, how thromboprophylaxis reduces thromboembolism but increases major bleeding, multi-lineage neural and myelin dysregulation caused by infection, and the association between vaccination and post-acute infection. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode The next epidemic may be here (STAT) Vaccine availability and coverage among children (CDC) Post-infection health impairments in children & adolescents (Pediatrics) Infection detection using saliva & nasopharyngeal samples (Journal of Medical Virology) Effectiveness of vaccines during Delta dominance (The Lancet) Durability of vaccine against severe outcomes (The Lancet) Don't rush to change COVID vaccines (STAT) Concern in the postvaccination era (Immunity, Inflammation and Disease) Infection rebound after Paxlovid & Molnupiravir (medRxiv) No improvement after Ivermectin usage (ACP) Duration of shedding of virus (New England Journal of Medicine) Infectious viral load vaccinated vs unvaccinated (Nat Med) Thromboprophylaxis reduces thromboembolism (NIH) Multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation caused by infection (Cell) Association between vaccination and post-acute infection (JAMA) Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 916 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses the recent decision by an FDA advisory committee to update COVID vaccines for the fall, the monkeypox virus outbreak, and the finding that enteric viruses infect the salivary glands and are transmitted through saliva. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Postdoctoral position in the Kielian Laboratory (pdf) COVID vaccine update for fall (WaPo) Don't rush to change COVID vaccines (STAT) Materials from 28 June FDA advisory meeting (FDA) Monkeypox cases US and Global (CDC) Enteric viruses transmit via saliva (Nature) Letters read on TWiV 915 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Jazz big bands #2: Maynard Ferguson: Signature song: Theme From Rocky: Signature album: Color Him Wild Brianne – Origami antibody and virus Kathy – Turbines resistant to high winds Rich – Obi-Wan Kenobi (TV Series) Vincent – The next epidemic may be here. The US isn't ready for it. Listener Picks David: DALL E 2 Douglas – Jazz Online Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #121, Dr. Griffin discusses age as a risk factor for severe disease, updated vaccine boosters for the fall, pediatric infection and antibody seroprevalence in Arkansas over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, all-cause maternal mortality in the United States before and during the pandemic, and the effect of 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment and how it impacts vaccine immunity. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Age as a risk factor for severe disease (NY Times) Omicron boosters for the fall (NPR) Pediatric infection and antibody seroprevalence in Arkansas (PIDS) All-cause US maternal mortality during pandemic (JAMA) Effect of 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment (The Lancet) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury) Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) PAXLOVID drug interaction checker (IDSA) Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB 35:42 Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 914 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains the meaning of vaccine-derived poliovirus found in London sewage, risk of long COVID after infections with Delta or Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, and enhancers of innate immune signaling as broad-spectrum antivirals. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Poliovirus in UK sewage (ProMedMail and Science) Poliovirus eradication effort (Science) Long COVID after Delta and Omicron (Lancet) How common is long COVID? (Nature) Immune enhancers as antivirals (Cell Chem Biol) Letters read on TWiV 913 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Count Basie: April in Paris Kathy – Bird aerodynamics & inertia: lay article, video, Nature Rich – NASA Gateway (Thanks Ellis) Alan – Polio Eradication in Nigeria Vincent – The Tyranny of Merit by Michael J. Sandel Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #120, Dr. Griffin discusses outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, CDC recommendation for vaccines in young children, neurodevelopment outcomes in infants of mothers testing positive for COVID during pregnancy, efficacy of monoclonal antibodies and antivirals in hamsters, rebound phenomenon after PAXLOVID in high-risk persons, hospitalization for infection after PAXLOVID treatment, and risk of long COVID with different variants. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Reinfection outcomes (Research Square) CDC recommends vaccine for young children (CDC) Neurodevelopment outcomes in infants post-infection (JAMA) Efficacy of monoclonal antibodies/antivirals in hamsters (Nature) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury) Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) PAXLOVID drug interaction checker Rebound phenomenon after PAXLOVID in high-risk persons (IDSA) Hospitalization for infection after PAXLOVID treatment (CDC) Risk of post acute infection with different variants (the Lancet) Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 912 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv