Norman Roule, a former CIA officer with 34 years of experience focused on the Middle East, discusses the survival of the Assad regime and the roles of Iran and Russia. He explores bureaucratic issues in these countries that have allowed groups like Hayat Tahrir al-Sham to gain ground quickly. Roule also critiques the military strategies of the Syrian regime, highlights the current geopolitical struggles, and suggests actions the U.S. can undertake to promote peace and stability in the region.

Natasha Hall, a senior fellow at CSIS's Middle East program and a Syria expert, delves into the precarious state of the Assad regime. She unpacks the internal rifts among militia groups and the shifting power dynamics influenced by external actors like Russia and Iran. The discussion spotlights the pivotal rebel groups and their strategies, as well as the pressing humanitarian issues faced by civilians, particularly women. Hall calls for increased international support to navigate the complexities of Syria’s recovery and leadership challenges.

Join Jon Alterman, Middle East Program Director at CSIS and a seasoned expert on Middle Eastern politics, as he delves into the dramatic developments in Syria. He discusses the cautious optimism following the Assad regime's potential collapse and the complexities of geopolitical alliances involving Russia, Iran, and Turkey. Alterman also reflects on Iran's tough decisions amidst regional turmoil and assesses the challenges facing Israel amid ongoing conflicts. The conversation is rich with insights on the intricate dynamics shaping the future of Syria and its neighbors.

Tom Karako, Director of the Missile Defense Project at CSIS and a leading expert in missile defense, discusses the critical role of missiles in global conflicts. He highlights escalating tensions in Ukraine and Russia's nuclear threats, particularly focusing on the RS-26 missile. The effectiveness of U.S. missile support, like the Precision Strike Missile (PRISM), is examined alongside the strategic dilemmas posed by North Korea and Iran. Karako underscores the need for military readiness and a coherent strategy to navigate these complex geopolitical dynamics.

Joseph Majkut, director of the CSIS Energy Security and Climate Change Program, dives into the critical intersection of AI and energy policy. He reveals the staggering energy demands of AI, forecasting a need for 50 gigawatts by the decade's end. The discussion includes strategies for sustainable energy solutions and balancing data center growth with policy. Joseph also outlines a five-pillar blueprint for AI infrastructure, emphasizing the urgency of enhancing electricity systems to maintain U.S. leadership in tech and meet climate goals.

Gregory C. Allen, Head of the Wadwani AI Center at CSIS, shares his expertise on AI policy and regulation. He discusses the achievements of the first Trump administration in AI and speculates on future policies concerning national security and safety. The conversation highlights the political dynamics between the Trump and Biden administrations, including expected regulatory challenges and open-source AI's future. Allen also touches on Taiwan's role in AI chip manufacturing and the potential implications for U.S.-China relations.

Anja Manuel, the executive director of the Aspen Strategy Group and an expert in AI and national security, tackles pressing issues in the intersection of technology and defense. She discusses the bipartisan strategies necessary to mitigate AI-related threats and emphasizes the significance of rigorous safety testing for large language models. Highlighting the US-China tech rivalry, Anja advocates for innovation to maintain a competitive edge. She also addresses AI's impact on election integrity, stressing the need for accuracy in combating misinformation to uphold democratic trust.

Victor Cha, an expert on North Korea, joins Maria Snegubaya, a specialist in Eurasia, Mark Kantsian, a retired Marine Corps Colonel, and Dennis Wilder, a U.S.-China relations scholar. They dive into North Korea's decision to send troops to Russia, exploring strategic incentives for both nations. The conversation reveals how this alliance could shape the battlefield in Ukraine and discusses China’s calculated stance on this evolving geopolitical landscape. They also address the implications of Russia's oil economy navigating sanctions and the potential risks of military collaboration.

Aram Nirguizian, a senior associate at CSIS and an expert on the Levant, dives into the escalating conflict between Israel and Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. He discusses recent shifts in Hezbollah's leadership and military strategies, shedding light on the fragile power dynamics within Lebanese politics. The impact on civilians navigating daily life amid adversity is also explored, highlighting their resilience. Additionally, he examines Hezbollah's diminishing arsenal and the implications for Iran's strategic position in the region.

Gregory C. Allen, an expert in AI policy, sheds light on the recently released National Security Memorandum on AI. He discusses its implications for U.S. leadership in AI technologies and ties it to historical technological crises. The conversation navigates the balance between innovation and regulation, emphasizing governance to mitigate risks in national security. Allen also highlights the AI Safety Institute's role in establishing responsible practices and the potential effects of the upcoming U.S. elections on AI policies.