As global elections approach, the debate over electoral systems intensifies. Proportional representation gains favor, but challenges arise regarding its impact on democracy. Analyzing majoritarian versus proportional models reveals varying effects on voter satisfaction and turnout. Discover how New Zealand's mixed-member system reshaped its political landscape and learn about ranked choice voting initiatives in the U.S., highlighting efforts to boost democratic engagement while navigating their complex implications.

Join Michael Frischetti, an archaeological expert, as he shares insights into the astonishing discovery of two ancient cities in Uzbekistan, using cutting-edge LiDAR technology. He reveals that one city was vastly larger than believed, showcasing unprecedented urban development. Lizzie Gibney discusses the innovative method for watermarking AI-generated text, which aims to differentiate it from human content, as well as highlights concerning environmental findings related to sewage in coastal waters. Both guests offer a fascinating dive into technology's role in understanding our past and present.

In this discussion, physicist Xiaojie Wang, renowned for his work on gamma-ray microquasars, and researcher Jamie Holder delve into the exciting discovery of a high-energy gamma-ray producing microquasar. They explore its potential as a natural particle accelerator and its role in unraveling the mysteries of galactic cosmic rays. They also highlight intriguing recent research on comb jellies fusing their bodies and archaeological findings from Siberian burials, drawing fascinating connections between biology and ancient cultures.

Shaptar Shidas, a researcher behind the AI-powered graphene tongue, discusses this groundbreaking invention that can differentiate between similar beverages like Coke and Pepsi using artificial intelligence. He reveals how AI training overcomes the inconsistencies in graphene sensors for reliable chemical detection. The conversation also touches on the ecological impact of migrating Pacific salmon, highlighting their dual role in transferring nutrients and contaminants, and the importance of understanding their effects on ecosystems.

Physicists have made an exciting discovery of new gamma-ray emissions from thunderstorms, challenging previous assumptions about their frequency and complexity. This research could shed light on the origins of lightning. Archaeological insights reveal that Europe's oldest interregional battle involved diverse warriors. Additionally, groundbreaking work on the fruit fly's brain unveils a detailed connectome, enhancing our understanding of neuronal interactions. These topics highlight the intersection of nature, history, and neuroscience.

Discover the incredible capabilities of the Frontier supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, where nearly 50,000 processors tackle monumental tasks faster than 100,000 laptops. Learn about its role in advancing AI research and the implications of industry biases that may overlook marginalized groups. Explore how this powerhouse promotes democratization of AI through open-source initiatives and the geopolitical tensions that arise as supercomputing races unfold between the U.S. and China.

Discover how children with Down's syndrome face a 150-fold increased risk of leukaemia due to genetic factors linked to chromosome 21. Researchers investigate fetal liver stem cells and their role in DNA packaging, shedding light on leukaemia susceptibility. Meanwhile, learn about innovative studies showing that smaller beer servings can curtail alcohol intake, and meet Costa Rican lizards equipped with self-made air supplies for underwater survival. Plus, explore how tiny crustaceans use scent to navigate and the potential of nuclear techniques in asteroid deflection.

Astronomers reveal the largest black hole jets ever recorded, measuring a staggering 23 million light years. These colossal jets challenge existing theories about their size, hinting at more discoveries to come. Innovative fabrics designed to protect against mosquito bites and the fascinating role of islands in preserving unique languages are also discussed. Finally, a groundbreaking one-step method for producing metal alloys is presented, promising to reduce environmental impact and improve production efficiency.

Ancient DNA analysis from Rapa Nui reveals that the islanders did not contribute to their own population collapse, challenging the 'ecological suicide' theory. This groundbreaking study connects Rapa Nui's history to Native American populations. In another segment, a newly discovered parasitoid wasp preys on adult fruit flies, hinting at complex host-parasite dynamics. Additionally, innovative imaging techniques using food dye offer exciting advancements in observing live animals, pushing the boundaries of biological research.

A widely cited claim that 80% of the world’s biodiversity resides in Indigenous territories lacks empirical evidence and could hinder conservation efforts. Researchers discuss the origins of this misleading statistic and its impact on Indigenous communities. They emphasize the importance of understanding complex Indigenous relationships with biodiversity, advocating for recognition of their ecological knowledge. Community-based monitoring is highlighted as a vital tool in effective conservation, showcasing the need for collaboration between Indigenous groups and scientists.