Dive into the intricacies of grace with insights from Aquinas, revealing how it shapes justification and human free will. Discover the liberating power of divine grace over sin, illustrated through Augustine's experiences. Explore the dynamic interplay of grace and free will, contrasting Thomistic theology with Protestant thought. This discussion highlights the balance between divine assistance and personal responsibility in the journey towards salvation.

Dr. Nathaniel Peters, Director of the Morningside Institute and a theology expert, dives deep into the contrasting views of grace and justification held by Martin Luther and Thomas Aquinas. He discusses how their perspectives shaped the Protestant Reformation, illuminating Aquinas's notion of transformative grace through works versus Luther's focus on faith and divine grace as an external justification. The conversation uncovers the profound implications these theological differences have on our understanding of salvation.

Delve into the fascinating concepts of grace, distinguishing between sanctifying and actual grace, and its role in fostering a deeper connection with God. Explore the theological perspectives of historical figures like Thomas Aquinas, contrasting them with modern psychological views. Hear about the transformative power of God's love and how it influences human desires. Plus, uncover personal growth stories that illustrate how challenges can lead to fulfillment in areas like fitness and music, showcasing the journey from frustration to achievement.

Fr. Thomas Joseph White, Rector Magnificus of the Pontifical University of St. Thomas in Rome, delves into the transformative power of grace in our lives. He discusses how grace heals our wounded nature and fosters a deeper relationship with God. Exploring the balance between sin and grace, he warns against presumption in confession and highlights the psychological complexities involved. Fr. White emphasizes the importance of a sacramental life in spiritual growth, illustrating that the journey is non-linear and requires continuous divine support.

Fr. Andrew Hofer, O.P., a professor at the Dominican House of Studies and an expert on patristics, dives deep into St. Augustine's profound impact on concepts of war, justice, and peace. He unpacks Augustine's transformation from Manichaean to influential bishop, highlighting a pivotal conversion moment. The discussion emphasizes Augustine's beliefs on peace, the moral necessity of just causes in war, and critiques modern interpretations of his doctrines. His insights reveal Augustine's legacy as a cornerstone of moral theology in contemporary discourse.

Stephen Meredith, a professor at the University of Chicago specializing in pathology and the humanities, dives deep into the connection between disease and the problem of evil. He discusses the case of a sickle cell anemia patient, raising theological questions about genetic conditions. The conversation traverses Dostoevsky's *The Brothers Karamazov*, contrasting Ivan's and Alyosha's takes on love and suffering. Meredith delves into original sin's implications on health and morality, advocating for a thoughtful perspective on human fragility and societal responsibilities.

In this enlightening discussion, Professor Steven J. Jensen, an expert in bioethics and moral psychology, tackles the complex ethical dilemmas surrounding organ transplantation. He offers a historical overview, shedding light on the implications of brain death as a criterion for organ donation. Jensen delves into the controversies of consent laws, the potential exploitation of vulnerable populations, and the alarming issues of organ trafficking, particularly in places like China. His insights provoke a deeper understanding of the moral landscape in this critical field.

Fr. Kevin Flannery, S.J., a philosophy professor at the Pontifical Gregorian University and expert in Aquinas's moral theory, dives deep into the nuances of natural inclinations and passions. He explores Aquinas's insights on natural law and the crucial role of reason in distinguishing true inclinations from passion-driven impulses. With references to Aristotle, Fr. Flannery emphasizes that passions only gain moral relevance when guided by reason and will, shedding light on moral reasoning's intricate layers in human behavior.

Joseph Trabbic, an associate professor of philosophy at Ave Maria University, discusses the rational foundations for belief in God. He explores how all beings depend on God for their essence, likening this relationship to a lamp powered by extension cords. Trabbic delves into the complexities of the Trinity, asserting that belief in a non-contingent creator is grounded in reason and evidence, while expanding on the Nicene Creed's portrayal of God. His insights bridge metaphysics and moral philosophy, enriching the conversation about faith and existence.

In this enlightening discussion, Sr. Elinor Gardner, O.P., an Affiliate Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dallas, delves into the complexities of capital punishment from a Catholic perspective. She explores John Paul II's encyclical, emphasizing evolving views on non-violence and moral opposition. Key topics include theological insights on human dignity, historical tensions within the Church regarding execution, and the importance of advocating for life-affirming alternatives. Gardner’s expertise sheds light on a nuanced debate that resonates with contemporary ethical concerns.