Preferred Shares Podcast

Chadd Garcia, Vice President & Portfolio Manager at Ave Maria Mutual Funds, shares his extensive experience in investment analysis, particularly focused on Texas Pacific Land Corporation (TPL). He dives into TPL's transformation from a railroad post-Civil War to a thriving resource management powerhouse. Chadd discusses the impact of fracking on land value, TPL's strategic entry into the water business, and its unique long-term shareholder base. He also critiques management's incentive structure and the recent shift from a trust to a corporation, raising concerns for investor alignment.

Welcome to Episode 18.In this episode, Doug picks up the story from where we left off in Part 1: its November 1941, when Consolidated Aircraft founder Reuben Fleet decides to sell his personal stake in the company. Doug then shares how Consolidated became Convair, was then acquired by General Dynamics, its disastrous foray into the commercial jetliner market, and its eventual demise in the mid-1990s.In This Episode* (01:26) Reuben Fleet and his decision to sell Consolidated Aircraft.* (03:43) Fleet sells his entire personal stake in 1941.* (07:53) In 1943, Consolidated merges with Vultee Aircraft and becomes Convair.* (09:51) Reasons behind the sale.* (13:01) Rapid growth and decline of the aviation industry during and after World War II.* (14:50) Floyd Odlum and Atlas Corporation acquire a significant stake in Convair.* (16:04) Convair’s success in the 1950s.* (17:40) The B-36 bomber's development during World War II and its features, including its long-range capabilities and large crew, are described.* (20:01) General Dynamics acquires Convair in a two-step process.* (25:56) Convair gambles with Howard Hughes and the development of the Convair 880 jetliner.* Hughes runs into financial trouble and causes delays.* Convair eventually declares the largest losses in business history in the early 1960s due to its failed efforts in the commercial jetliner business. * (37:51) Henry Crown takes charge of General Dynamics to address losses from the Convair program.* (38:35) Convair shifts focus and becomes a subcontractor for the big commercial jetliners and also concentrates on its rocket and missile businesses.* (39:56) The defense industry consolidation in the post-Cold War era.* (42:21) General Dynamics sells off pieces of its Convair business and eventually shuts it all down.* (53:06) Reflection on Convair’s decline.* (57:42) The difficulty for defense companies trying to venture into the commercial space.* (65:14) Upcoming episodes.ResourcesPeriodicals* Convairiety - 1950s* General Dynamics News - 1960s* General Dynamics World* Volume 21, Number 2, February 1991* Volume 22, Number 1, April 1992Articles* “So They Named It General Dynamics”, Fortune, April 1953.* “BOARDS APPROVE CONVAIR MERGER; General Dynamics to Step Up as Vast Defense Complex if Stockholders Concur”, NYT, March 2, 1954.* “Intercontinental Rocket Reported Being Built”, NYT, Dec. 16, 1954.* “SUPERSONIC B-58 FLIES FIRST TIME”, NYT, Nov. 12, 1956.* “American Raises Jet order by 50”, NYT, 7/31/1958.* “New Jet Passes Operation Tests; Convair 880 to Begin Flying Commercial Routes for Delta Line on May 15”, NYT, May 2, 1960.* “Jet Purchase Plan of TWA Approved”, NYT, June 25, 1960.* “CONVAIRS SLATED FOR T.W.A. LEASED; Northeast to Use Six Jets Idle Because of Hughes' Financial Problems”, NYT, Nov. 23, 1960.* “The Plane Makers Under Stress”, Forbes, June 1960.* “Defense Supplier Posts Loss for ‘60”, NYT, March 24, 1961.* Smith, Richard Austin. “How a Great Corporation Got Out of Control: Part 1”, Fortune, January 1962.* Smith, Richard Austin. “How a Great Corporation Got Out of Control: Part 2”, Fortune, February 1962.* “Lewis of Dynamics”, Fortune, March 1962.Books* Sweetman, William. A History of Passenger Aircraft. London: Hamlyn Publishing, 1979.* Steele, James B. Howard Hughes: His Life and Madness. New York: W.W. Norton, 1979Videos and Podcasts* “The Story of Willow Run” — Building the B-24 bomber during WWII* Convair CV-440 Metropolitan Promo Film - 1955* CONVAIR B-36 - Story of the Strategic Air Command's Masive Cold War Peacemaker!* “ON TARGET: THE ATLAS ICBM” — 1958 Convair Astronautics SM-65B Missile Launch documentaryAdditional Reading* Doug (Andvari’s Substack) writes more about Reuben Fleet in his post “Quality Over Quantity”, published December 2024.* Doug (Andvari’s Substack) also wrote Victor Emanuel of Aviation Corporation in his post “Victor Emanuel: Part 1, From Gilded Age Dealmaker to Turnaround Artist”, published January 26, 2025.* Devin (Invariant Substack) writes about the FY2024 results of Philip Morris in “Philip Morris International: Conquest”.* Lawrence (Fortune Financial) writes about “Exploring the Surprising Resilience of the Defense Industry”.Enjoy this episode? Share it with someone who loves business history as much as you do!You can also follow Preferred Shares, Devin, Doug, and Lawrence on Twitter.DisclaimerAll opinions expressed by Preferred Shares hosts and guests are solely their own opinions and do not reflect the opinions of their respective employers. This podcast is for informational and entertainment purposes only and should not be relied upon as a basis for investment decisions. None of the information contained in the podcast or this web site constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, portfolio of securities, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person.Clients of Andvari and Fortune Financial may maintain positions in the securities discussed in this podcast. Lawrence Hamtil and clients of Fortune Financial owned the securities of Lockheed Martin and Martin Marietta at the time of this publication. Furthermore, from time to time, the Hosts may hold positions or other interests in securities mentioned in the Podcast and may trade for their own accounts based on the information presented. The Hosts may also take positions inconsistent with the views expressed in its messages on the Podcast. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.preferredsharespodcast.com

Welcome to Episode 17 of the Preferred Shares Podcast.In this episode, Doug shares his research on the early years of Consolidated Aircraft and its founder, Major Reuben Fleet. Consolidated became one of the major aircraft makers during World War II with its B-24 Liberator bomber and its Catalina flying patrol boat. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.preferredsharespodcast.com

Welcome to Episode 16 of the Preferred Shares Podcast.In this episode, Douglas Ott walks us through the origin story of Tyler Technologies to the present day.In this episodeIntroduction to Tyler Technologies [0:00-1:40]Tyler Technologies is described as a “big fish in a small pond,” focusing on software solutions for municipalities and state/local governments.The market is around $24 billion in total revenue, which is too small for larger tech companies but provides a good opportunity for Tyler.Tyler's competition is typically small, private, unscaled players.Early History as an Industrial Conglomerate [1:40-3:30]Tyler’s history began in the late 1960s with Joseph McKinney, who formed a venture capital business.McKinney formed Saturn Industries, acquiring several small businesses, then acquired Tyler Pipe in 1968, changing the company name to Tyler Corporation.Over two decades, Tyler acquired various businesses including a trucking company, an explosives company, a specialty chemicals company, and an electronics distributor.By 1987, Tyler reached $1 billion in revenues.Divestment of Holdings [3:30-4:30]In the late 1980s, McKinney started selling Tyler’s holdings, distributing over $400 million to shareholders by the mid-1990s.By 1995, none of the former companies remained at Tyler Corporation, leaving a cash shell holding company.Downturn and New Acquisitions [4:30-5:30]McKinney acquired Forest City Auto Parts and Institutional Financing, which were different from Tyler’s B2B industrial focus.These acquisitions performed poorly, leading to a $52 million write-down and McKinney’s departure by the end of 1996.New Leadership and Strategic Shift [5:30-6:30]Bruce Wilkinson was hired, aiming to return Tyler to its industrial roots.Louis Waters acquired a 10% stake in Tyler and advocated for a shift to software and information services.Louis Waters and Browning-Ferris Industries [6:30-9:30]Waters co-founded Browning-Ferris Industries (BFI), a waste management company, and saw similarities between the fragmented waste management industry and the software market for local governments.BFI grew rapidly through acquisitions due to new environmental regulations.Waters saw a similar opportunity in the software space for municipalities.Tyler’s Pivot to Software [9:30-11:00]Waters won the debate, Wilkinson resigned, and Tyler began acquiring software companies.By the end of 1997, Tyler acquired three software companies and stated its plan to consolidate the information industry for local governments.In 1998, they made four more acquisitions for $90 million.Tyler sold Forest City and Institutional Financing at a loss.Acquisition of Munis and Key Personnel [11:00-12:00]In 1999, Tyler acquired Munis, an ERP and land information management systems company.The acquisition of Munis also brought in John Marr, who became CEO of Tyler in 2004 and later executive chairman.Significant Acquisitions [12:00-14:00]New World Systems was acquired in 2015 for $670 million, providing software for dispatchers, first responders, and financial management for state and government agencies.Micropact was acquired in 2019 for $185 million, marking Tyler's foray into the federal customer segment.NIC was acquired in 2021 for $2.3 billion; NIC designed and implemented websites for states and their agencies and was a payment processor specializing in state government payments.Market Share and Financial Performance [14:00-15:00]Tyler’s market share is estimated to be in the low teens, with significant opportunity for growth.The company has experienced high-teen revenue growth and free cash flow compounding north of 20%.Recurring revenues are north of 80% based on subscriptions and maintenance.Market Dynamics [15:00-17:00]There are over 88,000 government entities in the US.These entities have similar service needs but different rules and processes.There is a constant need to modernize outdated software and IT systems.Population growth and new regulations drive additional transaction growth.Business Qualities [17:00-18:00]Tyler’s current market share is 15% of a $13 billion market, with a total addressable market of $24 billion.The market is highly fragmented, with many small, uncompetitive software companies.Tyler is the only publicly traded company focused on this government software niche.Countercyclical Nature [18:00-19:00]Government grants for modernization benefit companies like Tyler.The business is stable, funded by real estate taxes.Customer Base and Revenue [19:00-20:00]Tyler has a 98% client retention rate.There is a need to replace old software systems.Tyler replaced a 40-year-old court judicial system in Cook County, Illinois.Capital Allocation [20:00-23:00]Tyler has been selective and opportunistic with share repurchases.From 2002 to 2011, Tyler reduced its shares from 48 million to 30 million, but it is now back up to 43 million.They issued shares to fund acquisitions and attract/retain talent.Potential Threats [23:00-27:00]A major threat is prioritizing operating margins over customer service, which could lead to customer dissatisfaction.With cloud-based software, customers might find it easier to switch to competitors if not satisfied.Acquisition Strategy [27:00-30:00]Tyler tends to expand capabilities rather than consolidate specific niches, such as acquiring a jury selection software company that complements their existing court system products.They focus on smaller, bolt-on acquisitions, which are less risky than transformational ones.Comparison to Roper Technologies [30:00]Both Tyler and Roper were formerly industrial companies that transitioned into the software space.Tyler’s move was driven by Waters’ belief in the specific government software market, while Roper's was a longer evolution based on financial characteristics like recurring revenue.Risks: Mission Creep and Lack of Focus [31:00-33:00]A key risk is losing focus by pursuing growth in other areas rather than sticking to their niche.Trying to go too hard into the federal space could be a risk.Opportunities in Fragmented Market [33:00-35:00]Many small businesses in the space may be looking for a buyer.Constellation Software is also acquiring smaller niche businesses but has not taken a cohesive approach like Tyler.Private Equity Competition [35:00-36:00]Private equity firms have been in this space, but their high leverage could make them less stable competitors.Conclusion [36:00]Episode ResourcesTyler Technologies“Q1 2023 Letter: Tyler Technologies is Ready to Run”, Douglas Ott (Andvari Associates) published April 2023.“Tyler Technologies Q2 2024 Results”, Douglas Ott (Andvari Associates) published August 2024.Tyler Technologies - Investor OverviewBrowning-Ferris Industries“Salad Days in Garbage”, TIME, November 20, 1972.“Four-Father”, Waste 360, October 1, 2009.“Browning-Ferris Industries”, Texas State Historical Association, November 1, 1994.Additional ReadingCurious to see what else we’ve been working on? Below are some pieces we’ve written independently that we think you’d like:“Imperial Brands: Doubt-Driven”, Devin LaSarre (Invariant) published December 2024.“A Few Thoughts On Diversification Strategies”, Lawrence Hamtil (Fortune Financial) published October 2024. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.preferredsharespodcast.com

Welcome to Episode 15 of the Preferred Shares Podcast.In this episode—another in our series on the beneficiaries of the spending on the interstate highway system of the United States—we take turns discussing Howard Johnson’s, McDonald’s, and KFC. In this episodeThe Johnson’s family cigar businessHoward Johnson quitting school at age 12Worked at a drug store until buying it out, expanding salesJohnson’s ice cream becomes hugely popularGreat Depression forces a pivot - franchisesWWII forces more changes1959 IPO and continued growth70’s struggles leading to an eventual buyout by Imperial Group PLC in 1979Imperial eventually sells to Marriott in 1985The first McDonald’sRevamps, simplifications, and innovationsRay Kroc’s entrepreneurial spiritKroc drops out of school at age 15Countless business ideas and odd jobsThe Silent Night club’s simplified menu leaves a lasting impressionBecoming a disposable cup salesmanCups leading Ray to Prince Castle and the MultimixerWWII almost killing the mixer industry due to copper constraintsThe Multimixer leading Ray to the McDonald brothersAn immediate realization of opportunityRapid expansion due to Harry Sonneborn, Franchise Realty Corp, mass marketing of automobiles, post-war suburbanization, the GI Bill, and the continued buildout of the interstate highway systemMcDonald’s 1965 IPO and beyondHarland Sanders tough upbringing in rural IndianaLeaving home at age 12A passion for cooking mixed with a a highway service stationSanders’ special way to make fried chickenInterstate 75 killing Sanders’ first restaurantAt age 66, Sanders starting over again to by creating franchises in a unique wayThe 1964 sale of KFC and then 1969 IPOAcquired by R.J. Reynolds, then RJR Nabisco, then sold to Pepsi in 1986KFC spun off in 1997, and KFC China spun off as Yum China in 2016Our takeawaysArcGIS Interactive map, Interstate Highway System, McDonalds Locations, Continental United StatesKFC, Kuwait City, 1980, Miranda KopetzkyColonel Sanders’ business card, late 1940sLife Magazine , 7/2/1951, Vol 32 no. 1Episode ResourcesGrinding It Out, Ray Kroc, 1977Roadside Empires, Stan Luxenberg, 1986McDonald’s Golden Empire, Storymaps, ArcGIS, 2021The Man Behind McDonald’s, David Holzel, BOSS, Fall/Winter 2016KFC’s sustainable competitive advantage in the international franchising, Kofi A. Bediako, Journal of Business Cases and Applications, 2018The First Giant Restaurant Chain: Howard Johnson’s: Rise and Fall, Gary Hoover, American Business History Center, 2021Howard Johnson’s Superfans Can’t Let Go, Jimmy Vielkind, Wall Street Journal, 2022America’s Eating Habits: Food Away From Home, USDA, Economic Research Service, 2018Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation and Heublein Inc. Annual Reports, 1959–1982McDonald's Corporation Annual Reports: 1965–1967, 1969–1972, 1981, 1992, 1994–2012Additional ReadingCurious to see what else we’ve been working on? Below are some pieces we’ve written independently that we think you’d like:"Going South: Implications of Business and Population Migration", a whitepaper by Douglas Ott (Andvari Associates) and Lawrence Hamtil (Fortune Financial) published June 2024.A Few Thoughts On Diversification Strategies, Lawrence Hamtil (Fortune Financial) published October 2024.Enjoy this episode? Share it with someone who loves business history as much as you do!You can also follow Preferred Shares, Devin, Doug, and Lawrence on Twitter.DisclaimerAll opinions expressed by Preferred Shares hosts and guests are solely their own opinions and do not reflect the opinions of their respective employers. This podcast is for informational and entertainment purposes only and should not be relied upon as a basis for investment decisions. None of the information contained in the podcast or this web site constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, portfolio of securities, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person.Clients of Andvari and Fortune Financial may maintain positions in the securities discussed in this podcast. Furthermore, from time to time, the Hosts may hold positions or other interests in securities mentioned in the Podcast and may trade for their own accounts based on the information presented. The Hosts may also take positions inconsistent with the views expressed in its messages on the Podcast. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.preferredsharespodcast.com

Welcome to Episode 14 of the Preferred Shares Podcast.In this episode, Preferred Shares explores the evolution of grocery retailing in the United States with a focus on the rise of A&P, it becoming the largest retailer in the world, and the company’s ultimate demise. To help tell this story, there is no better expert than historian, author, and economist Marc Levinson, author of The Great A&P and the Struggle for Small Business in America. Levinson has authored several other books, including The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger, and has contributed to reputable publications such as Time magazine, The Economist, Newsweek magazine, and Harvard Business Review.In this episodeA&P tea distributionThe grocery retail landscape in the late 19th centurySpices, baking powder, and the rise of branded goodsPackaging innovationsWholesaler influence and control over grocersKroger, Albertsons, and Grand Union all began as tea companiesPerishable vs stable goodsEarly store dimensions - 20 ft x 25 ftManufacturer-set pricing, markups and ‘fair pricing’Chain stores gaining bargaining powerA&P Economy stores - bare-bones, limited selection, rock-bottom pricesRethinking profitability, inventory turnover, margins versus returnsA&P’s vertical integration efforts, including dairies, canneries, macaroni and cocoa factories, and moreScaling bargaining powerWhat does ‘fair price’ mean? The counterargument that discounting is actually harmful to consumers over the long runAdvantages of private company vs. being publicLong-term perspectiveState and federal efforts aiming to crush chain storesFixed prices, scaling chain taxes, and targeted restrictionsWeighing regulation and innovationAnti-trust case again A&PPressures closing A&P’s discount gap and eroding its reputationStrain from a lack of distinct succession plan and ability to adaptPressures from being public to produce dividends rather than reinvest and reinvigorate the businessOur post-interview discussionEpisode ResourcesThe Great A&P and the Struggle for Small Business in America, Second EditionMarclevinson.net“When Washington Bailed Out Mom and Pop” – Marc Levinson discusses his book on December 15, 2011, at an event hosted by the Library of Congress.“How The A&P Changed The Way We Shop” – Marc Levinson discusses his book on August 23, 2011, on NPR’s Fresh Air show.“The Great A&P and the Struggle for the Soul of Antitrust”, 98 Iowa Law Review Bulletin 55 (2013).Additional ReadingCurious to see what else we’ve been working on? Below are some pieces we’ve written independently that we think you’d like:Book Review: The Great A&P and the Struggle for Small Business in America by Marc Levinson, Lawrence Hamtil, 4/1/2021“Excising the Old”, Part III in a three-part series on IBM’s electric typewriter and computer printer division, Douglas Ott, 10/6/2024Enjoy this episode? Share it with someone who loves business history as much as you do!You can also follow Preferred Shares, Devin, Doug, and Lawrence on Twitter.DisclaimerAll opinions expressed by Preferred Shares hosts and guests are solely their own opinions and do not reflect the opinions of their respective employers. This podcast is for informational and entertainment purposes only and should not be relied upon as a basis for investment decisions. None of the information contained in the podcast or this web site constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, portfolio of securities, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person.Clients of Andvari and Fortune Financial may maintain positions in the securities discussed in this podcast. Furthermore, from time to time, the Hosts may hold positions or other interests in securities mentioned in the Podcast and may trade for their own accounts based on the information presented. The Hosts may also take positions inconsistent with the views expressed in its messages on the Podcast. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.preferredsharespodcast.com

Welcome to Episode 13 of the Preferred Shares Podcast.We interviewed our friend and special guest, Rae Maile. Rae is a veteran analyst who has covered the tobacco industry for over 35 years. He has never held back his strong opinions, and always has the data to support them.In this episodeRae’s background in financial services, from junior analyst covering brewers and general retail to financials and tobaccoHow the tobacco industry has changed and stayed the sameThe perpetual lack of confidence about the tobacco industry - both from external analysts as well as industry executivesPopulation growth’s ‘denominator effect’ within price versus volumeNext-gen nicotine products in the industry landscapeGlobal demand for nicotine risingDifferences across markets and categories concerning barriers to entry, regulation, and adoptionThe anti-smoking lobby’s morphing into anti-nicotineTaxation, prohibition, and illicit tradeMoral zealotry battling against the individual’s choiceESG-based investing and idle threatsOver the last century, tobacco is the only industry that hasn’t had a negative 10-year period. What makes the industry so special?Should tobacco be placed next to other CPGs, or is it in a separate league?When it comes to tobacco, why do so many analysts obsess over volumes and disregard other critical variables?What distinguishes a great analyst? Skills needed and the psychology of marketsRae’s unique writing style. Finding your voice and filling your roleLessons from Marlboro Friday and price laddering modelsThe UK market post-BrexitPerpetual pessimism versus share repurchase programs, dividends versus share repurchases, and capital allocation frameworksThe industry’s history of poor diversification effortsSurrendering to the science, forgetting the consumerEpisode ResourcesLucy Page Gaston, founder of the Anti-Cigarette League of AmericaSir Martin Faulkner Broughton, previous Finance Director, CEO, and Chairman of BAT“PHILIP MORRIS AGREES TO BUY GENERAL FOODS”, Chicago Tribute, Sept. 1985.Additional ReadingCurious to see what else we’ve been working on? Below are some pieces we’ve written independently that we think you’d like:Discussing Going Down Tobacco Road with Gene Hoots, Lawrence Hamtil (Fortune Financial) published September, 2020Assessing Altria and Tobacco Fundamentals Five Years After the Peak, Lawrence Hamtil (Fortune Financial) published March, 2023The New Era of Nicotine, Devin LaSarre (Invariant) published July, 2022Imperial Brands: Looking Through the Noise, Devin LaSarre (Invariant) published October, 2023Altria: Back to the Race, Devin LaSarre (Invariant) published August, 2024Philip Morris International: More More More, Devin LaSarre (Invariant) published February, 2024Enjoy this episode? Share it with someone who loves business history as much as you do!You can also follow Preferred Shares, Devin, Doug, and Lawrence on Twitter.ShareSubscribe nowDisclaimerAll opinions expressed by Preferred Shares hosts and guests are solely their own opinions and do not reflect the opinions of their respective employers. This podcast is for informational and entertainment purposes only and should not be relied upon as a basis for investment decisions. None of the information contained in the podcast or this web site constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, portfolio of securities, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person.Clients of Andvari and Fortune Financial may maintain positions in the securities discussed in this podcast. Furthermore, from time to time, the Hosts may hold positions or other interests in securities mentioned in the Podcast and may trade for their own accounts based on the information presented. The Hosts may also take positions inconsistent with the views expressed in its messages on the Podcast. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.preferredsharespodcast.com

Henry Crown, founder of Material Service Corporation, faced challenges and achieved success through strategic acquisitions. His investments in Rock Island Railroad, Hilton, and the Empire State building were remarkable. Crown's leadership at General Dynamics reshaped the company. His vision and investment success are comparable to legendary investors like Buffett and Munger.

Welcome to Episode 11 of the Preferred Shares Podcast.In this episode—the second part in our series on the beneficiaries of the spending on the interstate highway system of the United States—Preferred Shares explores the aggregates industry. In particular, we go over the early history of Birmingham Slag, the family-owned business that evolved into Vulcan Materials Company (VMC).In this episodeInterstate Highway System background refresherThe unique qualities of the aggregates industryEarly Vulcan Materials historyRole of inheritance tax in driving industry consolidationState of the industry today: does a focus on aggregates drive premium valuations?Henry Crown, founder of Material Service Corp.How two large aggregates businesses were acquired by two defense contractorsDevin’s case study on FRP HoldingsWrapping up on key takeawaysEpisode ResourcesCruikshank, George M. A History of Birmingham and its Environs. Lewis Publishing, 1920.“Shipped Over Million Tons of Slag in 1923”, The Dixie Manufacturer, January 25, 1924.“Crush Million Tons of Stone For T.V.A.”, Rock Products, December 1941.“Slag Firm In Merger”, Rock Products, November 1956.“Invasion From the Deep South”, Business Week, Feb. 14, 1959.“Vulcan Materials acquires three N. C. quarries”, Rock Products, April 1959.“The Clans of Vulcan”, Fortune, January 1960.“Martin, Marietta Agree to Merger”, New York Times, June 24, 1961.“Materials in Use in U.S. Interstate Highways”, US Geological Survey, 2006.A History Written in Stone. Vulcan Materials Company, 2008.Additional ReadingCurious to see what else we’ve been working on? Below are some pieces we’ve written independently that we think you’d like:Rock Pile Riches, Lawrence Hamtil, 2/02/2024The Pits, Devin LaSarre, 1/8/2023DisclaimerAll opinions expressed by Preferred Shares hosts and guests are solely their own opinions and do not reflect the opinions of their respective employers. This podcast is for informational and entertainment purposes only and should not be relied upon as a basis for investment decisions. None of the information contained in the podcast or this web site constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, portfolio of securities, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person.Clients of Andvari and Fortune Financial may maintain positions in the securities discussed in this podcast. Furthermore, from time to time, the Hosts may hold positions or other interests in securities mentioned in the Podcast and may trade for their own accounts based on the information presented. The Hosts may also take positions inconsistent with the views expressed in its messages on the Podcast. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.preferredsharespodcast.com

Welcome to Episode 10 of the Preferred Shares Podcast.Lawrence Hamtil, of Fortune Financial Advisors, and Douglas Ott, of Andvari Associates, were the primary researchers for this episode. In this episode, we are joined by Ian Clark, founder and head of Dichotomy Capital, a power market focused investment manager that utilizes intensive research to find attractive opportunities in the public and private markets. In this episodeIan Clark’s personal and professional backgroundWhat is a fat pitch for an expert in the utility space?Difference between regulated and unregulated marketsIs there an investor preference for utilities that are diversified or focused on one type of market?Ian’s checklist for evaluating a utility investmentFactors that impact the capital structure of a utility companyCatastrophe risk and why water utilities are so boringAre synergies really available post-acquisition in a heavily regulated environment?Best practices in the utility spaceThe push/pull of returning capital to shareholders versus reinvesting for growthIan on the Averch-Johnson effectWill data centers and AI be a boon to utilities?Is there a great capital allocator in the utility space?Utilities are the last bastion for true scuttlebutt researchEpisode resourcesDichotomy Capital websiteNextEra Investor MaterialsDuke Energy Investor RelationsUS Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)Changing Times, Changing Values: A Historical Analysisof Sectors within the US Stock Market 1872-2013Additional readingCurious to see what else we’ve been working on? Below are some pieces we’ve written independently that we think you’d like:Recession Resiliency: The Auto Repair Ecosystem, Douglas Ott, 4/17/2024Generational Smoking Bans, Devin LaSarre, 4/21/2024DisclaimerAll opinions expressed by Preferred Shares hosts and guests are solely their own opinions and do not reflect the opinions of their respective employers. This podcast is for informational and entertainment purposes only and should not be relied upon as a basis for investment decisions. None of the information contained in the podcast or this web site constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, portfolio of securities, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person.Clients of Andvari and Fortune Financial may maintain positions in the securities discussed in this podcast. Furthermore, from time to time, the Hosts may hold positions or other interests in securities mentioned in the Podcast and may trade for their own accounts based on the information presented. The Hosts may also take positions inconsistent with the views expressed in its messages on the Podcast. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.preferredsharespodcast.com