Dr. Mike Tipton, an authority on exercise in extreme environments, discusses the causes and prevention of drowning in cold water, exercise in the cold, autonomic conflict during triathlons, and cold adaptations. He emphasizes the importance of translating research to the media and lifesaving organizations. Other topics explored include arm vs. leg exercise, physiological effects of cold water on muscles, and acclimation to cold.

Dr. Edward Chambers, an expert on the gut microbiota, exercise, and metabolism from Imperial College London, discusses the importance of fiber, fermentation of short chain fatty acids by gut microbiota, and the effects on skeletal muscle metabolism and appetite. They also explore the impacts of carbohydrate ingestion, antibiotics, and probiotics on gut health and endurance capacity. The podcast covers topics such as the rapid changes in gut microbiota with dietary shift, the relationship between GLP1 and exercise, and the influence of diet, exercise, and the gut microbiome on overall health.

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Benjamin Miller from the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) who is an expert on muscle proteostasis /plasticity in response to exercise and aging. He has evidence that muscle atrophy with aging may be due more to increased protein breakdown than reduced protein synthesis. He also has found that the top diabetes drug metformin can impair some of the benefits of exercise.0:00. Introduction and Benjamin’s current employment etc6:09. Benjamin’s early background in exercise and science8:05. Healthspan vs lifespan. Can extend lifespan?13:12. Metformin can impair some of the benefits of exercise20:15. Metformin and healthspan/lifespan23:05. Prescribing metformin to diabetics before diet/exercise25:20. Drugs aren’t as good as exercise for healthspan27:20. Proteostasis (protein homeostasis)29:20. Muscle atrophy with aging: mainly due to protein breakdown?36:40. Muscle fibers have many nuclei39:00. Muscle nucleus DNA duplication 42:30. Satellite cells not so important for myonuclei?45:45. Benjamin’s tracer study methods using D2O49:50. Myonuclear domain, weight training, muscle memory52:02. Mechanisms of acute atrophy vs aging54:25. Mitochondria interactions with proteostasis57:30. Aging drugs and interactions with exercise59:40. Statins, exercise and muscle1:00:20. Exercise better than drugs for healthspan1:00:40. Lactate infusions during exercise1:04:20. Lactate, exercise and cognitive function.1:05:20. Tendon collagen synthesis and turnover (and exercise)1:13:15. Muscle nuclei can migrate to damaged area1:13:57. Takeaway messages1:16:58. Outro (9 seconds)Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Dr Carlos Henríquez-Olguín, an up and coming rising star exercise metabolism researcher, discusses challenges in mechanistic exercise research in Chile and his groundbreaking work on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exercise. He explores the role of ROS in muscle contraction, the effects of chronic versus acute increases in ROS, and the theory of ROS and aging. He also talks about language challenges, giving visibility to early career researchers, and challenges faced by researchers from less scientifically recognized countries in publishing their work.

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Emeritus Professor Michael Gleeson from Loughborough University, England. He is the biggest global name with many decades of research examining the effects of exercise and diet on the immune system. Exercise is beneficial for the immune system unless it is undertaken at a very high /elite level. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @profmikegleeson0:00. Introduction/Michael’s early career exercise research training5:41. Early studies on exercise and immune system: Eric Newsholme6:57. Prolonged exercise reduces plasma glutamine (leukocytes)8:30. Michael retired in 2016 but still writing books etc9:56. Increased upper respiratory tract infections after a marathon11:20. How the immune system responds to prolonged exercise13:10. What’s going wrong with athletes re their immunity (multifactorial)16:58. Why does WBC function go down with exercise?19:42. CHO ingestion during exercise can alter immune function23:35. Athletes don’t sleep as well, effects immunity28:00. Moderate levels of physical activity improves immune function32:18. Very high levels of exercise decreases immune function36:03. 1-2 hr a day of ex is beneficial for the immune system37:08. Better outcomes in response to Covid in people that exercise42:38. Is walking sufficient to improve immune function?44:35. Does exercise/standing around in cold cause more colds?48:20. Unless deficient in vitamins and minerals don’t need to supplement51:45. Vit D / zinc supplementation for athletes?53:00. Vit D supplementation for ultramarathoners?55:24. Can detect overtraining using stress/immune markers?1:03:20. Exerkines, exercise and the immune system1:07:45. White blood cell levels and exercise1:11:27. Age and the immune system1:12:57. Sex differences and the immune system1:17:35. Do we get sick more often when go on holidays?1:19:05. Babies need stimulation of their immune systems1:21:04. Takeaway messages1:23:35. Smart to push through a cough and keep exercising?1:26:00. Stress and the immune system1:27:02. Asthma, bronchitis and air temperature1:28:02. Most research studies don’t measure if an infection is present1:30:16. Outro (9 seconds) Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Paul Cohen from Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth Orlando, Florida, USA. He has a very strong track record of research examining muscle mitochondria in health and disease and in particular the effects of exercise in attenuating the reductions in mitochondrial function with age. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @CoenPM 0:00. Introduction/Paul’s exercise research training 3:10. Exercise, aging and inflammation markers etc 5:55. Bret Goodpaster/Advent Health 8:53. Muscle mitochondria functions 10:15. Mitochondria: energetics, function, biogenesis 13:11. Effects of aging on mitochondria 16:15. Mitochondria energetics, VO2 max and muscle power with age 22:30. Isolated mito vs fibers vs in vivo measures of mito 24:52. Changes with aging per se vs inactivity with aging 28:40. Can mimic exercise using isolated mito measures? 32:03. Time course of mito changes with age vs physical activity 34:00. Is walking enough to maintain mitochondrial volume etc? 35:40. The body and the response to exercise is very integrative 37:25. Lipids in muscle and mitochondrial function 39:00. Subcellular vs intramyofibullar mitochondria 42:55. Mitochondrial energetics and mobility as age etc 44:45. Medications vs exercise 46:08. Aging, mitochondria respiration and leg power 47:40. Aging, mitochondrial energetics and fatigue 49:10. Sex differences in mitochondrial energetics 50:25. Aging vs physical inactivity with aging 52:00. Aging, mitochondria, gait speed and mortality 54:08. If do one thing best to do aerobic or weight training? 56:12. The best exercise is the exercise that people will do 56:10. Social interaction 57:20. Exercise for health span vs life span/“Stop aging” 1:00:12. Healthy aging when have a well managed disease? 1:01:52. Markers of healthy aging 1:03:05. Inherited and acquired mito DNA sequence variations 1:06:10. Nitrate supplementation, mitochondria and aging 1:09:05. Bed rest, diabetes, muscle mass and mitochondrial 1:13:15. Takeaway messages 1:14:43. Links between mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity? 1:18:43. Outro (9 seconds) Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all. The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University. He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9). Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at: Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1 Instagram: insideexercise Facebook: Glenn McConell LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460 ResearchGate: Glenn McConell Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com Subscribe to Inside exercise: Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218 Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Lars Nybo from the University of Copenhagen. He is an expert on the effects of environmental conditions on exercise. Here he discussed factors effecting cycling performance and then focused on circumstances where one needs to be careful applying findings from the lab to the real world. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @Nyborger Nybo0:00. Introduction2:20. Lars incredible hour record on the bike4:45. Lab vs real world effects of temperature on cycling9:26. Coefficient of drag/watts/watts per kg11:31. VO2 max vs short time trials13:21. VO2 max (relative vs absolute) and flat vs hilly riding15:00. How can Wout van Aert do so well in such different events?16:46. Sprints at end of a stage vs track sprints18:46. Lab studies steady state but doesn’t happen in real life21:16. Lars 6 hr lab/field study mimicking real life more26:06. Fat oxidation higher after many hours hard than fat max test30:46. Importance of high intensity training vs volume32:25. Fat oxidation high during hard ex even when ingesting CHO39:56. 20 min time trial vs VO2 max41:56. Aerodynamic positions vs power losses46:56. Heat, stroke volume, cardiac output, VO2 max etc50:06. Heat, central fatigue, electrical stimulation, EMG56:46. Usefulness of rating of perceived exertion1:00:26. Solar radiation and cardiovascular function1:06:36. Ultraviolet light, nitrite, nitric oxide and drops in blood pressure1:10:16. Suntan lotion and thermoregulation1:11:26. Heat acclimation as a result of passive vs active heat1:14:54. Fans and clothes during exercise and heat acclimation1:17:36. Does heat acclimation help exercise in the cold?1:19:21. Heat acclimation raises Hb mass1:21:41. Altitude and Hb mass1:25:06. Heat acclimation lowers Hb concentration but raises Hb mass1:28:16. Increasing cycling infrastructure and adherence1:32:21. Electric bicycles1:34:06. Takeaway messages1:36:06. Max heart rate higher in the heat1:38:42. Outro (9 seconds) Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Brad Schoenfeld from Lehman College, The City University of New York, the Bronx, New York. He has a very strong track record on research examining how to maximize muscle hypertrophy and also important protein synthesis and strength studies. He also applies his knowledge being a former personal trainer and a successful competitive natural body builder. We discussed all aspects of resistance training for body builders and also for more recreational strength trainers.A very interesting chat. Twitter: @BradSchoenfeld0:00. Introduction/overview of Brad’s personal/sporting and research background4:04. Relative lack of research in resistance training5:05. Resistance training more bang for buck than endurance8:39. Research findings on the optimum reps, sets, sessions etc10:10. Load/reps/volume and whole muscle/fibre type hypertrophy13:28. Sets to failure/ matching work etc15:03. Strength vs hypertrophy vs power training16:45. Speed of contraction (tempo) and hypertrophy18:38. Mind muscle connection /internal focus of outcome21:32. Concentric vs eccentric exercise and hypertrophy24:50. The more you learn the less you know25:23. Frequency: Volume and splitting workouts28:30. Importance of doing research involving supervised training30:23. Brad was a successful natural body builder32:40. Short rest periods (hormonal spikes) and hypertrophy36:18. Muscle signaling doesn’t always match outcomes39:10. Protein synthesis vs protein breakdown40:00. Minimal dose to observe gains for recreational lifters44:00. Order of exercises/super sets/ splitting etc48:52. Free weights vs machines (complementary)51:58. Resistance training or endurance training first?54:04. Reactive oxygen species/antioxidants and adaptations55:45. Protein intake/timing and protein synthesis1:00:52. Do men and women obtain enough protein in their diet?1:02:37. Aging and protein/anabolic insensitivity1:04:00. Energy deficit/surplus and protein synthesis1:05:45. Range of motion/length of muscle and hypertrophy1:10:08. Load/reps and strength1:13:30. Reps in reserve (RIR)1:14:55. Takeaway messages1:17:37. Outro (9 seconds) Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Wendy Kohrt from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. She has an extremely strong track record of research on how exercise affects bone. She has changed her thinking of late after finding that acute exercise actually has a catabolic effect on bone even though overall, it can have beneficial effects. This is dependent on the actual exercise/sport undertaken and the duration. A very interesting chat.0:00. Introduction/overview of Wendy’s exercise and research background5:26. How Wendy got interested in bone/John Holloszy8:48. Exercise, bone loss and NSAIDs13:08. Cyclists have low bone density and possible mechanisms18.44.  Sweat calcium loss results in low bone density in cyclists?23:54. Serum calcium decreases within 15 min of cycling exercise25:58. Parathyroid hormone increases during cycling exercise 30:20. Calcium clamp during cycling exercise to prevent reduction in serum calcium33:40. Bone breakdown during cycling exercise that continues for a period after exercise36:15. What about walking/running?38:50. Calcium clamp to prevent reductions in serum calcium prevents more of bone breakdown40:15. When serum calcium decreases, where is the calcium going? Muscle mitochondria?43:38. Calcium tracer experiments to determine turnover etc during exercise47:00. Calcium supplementation before exercise?49:20. Serum calcium levels during running exercise51:37. So is exercise bad for bone? Paradoxical effects of Parathyroid hormone on bone54:15. Pharmacological transient increases in parathyroid hormone stimulates bone formation56:52. Is exercise good for bone health? 59:30. Wendy's current studies1:03:06. Other effects of bone markers on metabolism etc?1:05:10. Peak bone mass in late teens/early 20's very important / aging and bone1:08:28. Calcium and Vit D supplementation and bone1:11:24. Bone mass in people who have undertaken different types of sports1:15:26. Should people supplement with calcium before exercise?1:17:04. Wendy's involvement with the MoTrPAC NIH common fund initiative1:25:37. Takeaway messages1:27:30. Serum calcium changes during exercise and the heart? 1:29:04. Outro (9 seconds) Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Mark Tarnopolsky from McMaster University in Canada. Mark has done pioneering studies in many areas including sex differences and exercise, HITT training and creatine supplementation. Today we focus on his remarkable work with muscle myopathies. Exercise can be beneficial in all muscle myopathies in regards to function and/or healthspan and/or lifespan. The type of exercise will differ depending on the myopathy: endurance, resistance, or both.0:00. Introduction and overview of Mark’s exercise, clinical and research4:45. McMaster University: Stu Phillips, Marty Gibala and Mark6:30. His sex differences and exercise research8:06. Exosomes re drug delivery and exercise15:48. Types of muscle myopathies19:39. Exercise can improve McArdles disease24:29. Weight training, creatine and McArdles disease28:20. Exercise and glycoytic defects, glucose ingestion/fasting30:53. Creatine phosphate34:50. Rhabdomyolysis39:53. Mark’s very impressive sporting background and lab numbers41:45. Mark’s cardiac ablations42:48. The heart and VO2 max etc43:49. Mitochondrial disease and exercise/RER48:30. Ex training increases VO2 max in mitochondrial disease51:00. Most common mitochondrial diseases53:20. How does exercise improve exercise in mitochondrial diseases55:00. Muscle affected in different genetic deficits57:26. Neuromuscular junction with Dr Tarnopolsky on YouTube58:17. Exercise beneficial with pretty much every muscle disease58:40. Exercise improves strength in Inclusion body myopathy58:50. Exercise improves function etc in muscular dystrophy59:5 Pompe disease. Exercise better than $1million/yr treatment1:01:18. Tends to be focus on pharma despite exercise being better1:03:35. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, exercise and life expectancy1:09.02. Resistance vs strength vs both in muscle defects1:11:38. Different resistance training tactics in mitochondrial patients1:13:02. Creatine and other supplements in muscle defects1:16:29. Study designs, funding,patents etc1:18:07. Do people who don’t have muscle myopathies need supplements?1:19:11. Disclosure: Founder and CEO of the Exerkine Company1:21:40. “Exercise the best supplement”1:23:59. Exokines within exosomes not that useful so far1:28:24. Take away messages1:31:42. Mark’s running ability/injuries as age etc.1:33:57. Mark’s injuries/diet/supplements1:36:54. Outro (9 seconds) Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice.Disclosure: Prof Tarnopolsky is the Founder and CEO of the Exerkine Company.