VoxDev Development Economics

Chris Woodruff, a University of Oxford professor and non-executive director at British International Investment, shares insights on the intersection of research and investment. He highlights the challenges BII faces in promoting sustainable growth in emerging markets. The discussion dives into evidence-based strategies for businesses, using randomized control trials to address hurdles faced by micro and large enterprises. Woodruff also reevaluates the significance of external validity in investment decisions, advocating for a thorough understanding of general equilibrium effects to enhance DFI impact.

Amit Khandelwal, a Yale economics expert, Isabela Manelici from the London School of Economics, and Arvind Subramanian, former chief economic advisor to India, dive into the challenges facing emerging economies in global trade. They discuss how protectionism affects trade dynamics and the need for smart strategies. The role of multinationals is examined, highlighting their dual impact on local economies. The conversation also covers industrial policy's effectiveness and the varied responses of nations like India and Vietnam to changing global dynamics and climate challenges.

David Yang, a Harvard researcher and author on protests, joins Noam Yuchtman from the University of Oxford to unravel the dynamics of modern protest movements. They discuss how social media shapes activism and the changing nature of protests post-Arab Spring. The conversation explores economic motivations behind protests, emphasizing how poverty and unemployment fuel discontent. They also highlight the pro-social motivations of individuals involved, reframing the narrative around protesters as committed to public welfare rather than just discontent.

In our final episode based on this year’s BREAD-IGC virtual PhD-level course on the economics of cities in low and middle-income countries, Matthew Kahn of USC and Siqi Zheng of MIT focus on sustainable urbanisation. They tell Tim Phillips about how cities can adapt in the face of climate change, both its inhabitants and its buildings. Read the full show notes on VoxDev: https://voxdev.org/topic/migration-urbanisation/how-urban-environment-can-adapt-climate-change

Marianne Bertrand, a labor markets expert at Chicago Booth and Co-Chair of J-PAL, joins Stefano Caria from the University of Warwick to explore effective skills signaling for job seekers in low and middle-income countries. They discuss the challenges job seekers face in proving their qualifications amid information asymmetry. The conversation reveals how standardized certifications can enhance job outcomes and the role of social networks in hiring practices. They propose solutions like wage subsidies to improve hiring efficiency and suggest scaling up skill-signaling programs to boost employment.

Ugo Gentilini, a lead economist for social protection at the World Bank and author of "Timely Cash," dives into the rich 2,500-year history of cash transfers. He discusses how historical debates illuminate current arguments about social safety nets. Explore ancient roots and their impact on modern welfare systems. Gentilini highlights the persistent themes of poverty and inequality, underscoring the importance of adapting cash transfers to address contemporary challenges like climate change and migration.

Sugandha Srivastav, a Researcher at the University of Oxford specializing in power purchase agreements in developing countries, joins the discussion to unveil the complexities of Pakistan's electricity contracts. She highlights how opaque PPAs lock the country into long-term, costly fossil fuel agreements, draining public resources. The conversation dives into the detrimental financial impact on Pakistan's economy, the shift from public to private sector management, and the urgent need for reforms towards sustainable energy solutions.

Daniel Rogger, editor of the Government Analytics Handbook at the World Bank, and Christian Schuster, UCL researcher focusing on government efficiency, discuss the vital role of data analysis in public administration. They explore how better analytics can bridge the gap between public and private sectors, advocating for tailored approaches to enhance government functions. The conversation delves into empowering analysts, the need for community-building, and embracing predictive analytics to boost public service delivery and accountability.

As cities grow and spread, the uses to which land is put, and the value of that land, will also change. The challenges of urban planning, construction and renewal are complicated. But the way we address those challenges has profound impacts for the people who live, and will live, in that physical city. Vernon Henderson and Maisy Wong of University of Pennsylvania explain to Tim Phillips how cities adapt, change and grow – and how that affects the lives and prospects of the people who live in them.

Tavneet Suri, a Professor at MIT and co-chair of J-PAL's agricultural sector, discusses the urgent need to strengthen small-scale farmers' resilience against climate change. She highlights effective interventions like the use of drought-resistant seeds and the importance of timely weather forecasting. Suri also delves into how graduation programs can enhance farmers' adaptability and the necessity for income diversification in rural Africa. The conversation reveals intriguing insights into policies and technologies that can help these communities thrive despite extreme weather challenges.