Marianne Bertrand, a labor markets expert at Chicago Booth and Co-Chair of J-PAL, joins Stefano Caria from the University of Warwick to explore effective skills signaling for job seekers in low and middle-income countries. They discuss the challenges job seekers face in proving their qualifications amid information asymmetry. The conversation reveals how standardized certifications can enhance job outcomes and the role of social networks in hiring practices. They propose solutions like wage subsidies to improve hiring efficiency and suggest scaling up skill-signaling programs to boost employment.
Credible skills signals from trusted institutions can effectively bridge the information gap between job seekers and employers, enhancing employment outcomes.
Implementing standardized skill endorsements may boost formal employment and economic growth, yet raises concerns about the perception of those without certifications.
Deep dives
The Challenge of Unemployment in Low-Income Countries
Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, poses a significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries, affecting around 200 million individuals globally, with the youth rate being three times higher than that of the general population. Many young people have given up on job searches, contributing to a larger issue of non-employment and underemployment. This situation creates a market failure regarding skill visibility, where employers struggle to discern the qualifications of potential candidates. Consequently, people qualified for jobs face difficulties proving their worth, impacting the overall hiring process negatively.
The Impact of Credible Skills Signals
Credible skills signals, which are standardized endorsements from reputable institutions, can help reduce information asymmetry between employers and job seekers. Implementing these signals allows potential workers to demonstrate their skills more effectively, leading to improved job search outcomes such as higher application-to-interview conversion rates and a greater likelihood of receiving job offers. For instance, studies conducted in Ethiopia and South Africa illuminated how local trusted institutions played a crucial role in validating these skills. The research indicates that providing such credible signals positively impacts labor market outcomes, including higher rates of formal employment and increased earnings.
The Potential for Policy Implementation and Scale
Scaling up programs that provide credible skills signals at a national level could address widespread unemployment, but it also risks creating unintended consequences, such as potential negative perceptions of individuals lacking certifications. These policies not only represent a cost-effective way for governments to enhance employment rates but also may stimulate broader economic benefits as firms gain access to a more skilled workforce. Research suggests that as more youth unlock their potential and secure jobs, there will be positive spillover effects on economic growth and productivity. However, protecting those at the bottom of the skills distribution remains a crucial consideration for successful implementation.
If you’re applying for a job, you want to know what you’re good at, and be able to
prove it to the recruiter. If doing the recruiting, you want some evidence about who
the best candidates would be. In low- or middle-income countries, this information is
often in short supply. How does this affect who gets a job, and the hiring process? In
the latest in our collaborations with J-Pal to discuss their policy insights, Marianne
Bertrand of Chicago Booth School, also Co-Chair, Labor Markets at J-Pal, and
Stefano Caria of the University of Warwick, tell Tim Phillips about the impact of skills
signals on employment.