SciShow Tangents

Does the Tangents crew know anything about black holes? Not really. But when has that ever stopped us? Let’s get theoretical! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]Gravastarhttps://www.universetoday.com/24299/types-of-stars/https://web.archive.org/web/20061213095149/http://www.lanl.gov/news/releases/archive/02-035.shtmlBlanethttps://www.sciencealert.com/we-have-ploonets-we-have-moonmoons-now-hold-onto-your-hats-for-blanetshttps://arxiv.org/abs/2007.15198Massteroidhttps://www.space.com/51-asteroids-formation-discovery-and-exploration.htmlhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/basics/primer/ [Fact Off]Stealing energy from black holehttp://large.stanford.edu/courses/2011/ph240/nagasawa2/https://www.sciencealert.com/an-experiment-has-just-demonstrated-how-energy-could-be-extracted-from-a-black-holehttps://www.gla.ac.uk/news/headline_727690_en.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=73&v=ES2VxhRAkUM&feature=emb_titlehttps://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/astronomy-terms/black-hole.htm#:~:text=The%20Schwarzschild%20black%20hole%20is,singularity%20and%20an%20event%20horizon.&text=The%20Kerr%20black%20hole%2C%20which,it%20was%20formed%20was%20rotating.https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-ergospherehttps://www.howmusicworks.org/103/Sound-and-Music/Amplitude-and-Frequency#:~:text=There%20are%20two%20main%20properties,how%20loud%20the%20sound%20is.&text=A%20frequency%20of%201%20Hz%20means%20one%20wave%20cycle%20per%20second.[Ask the Science Couch]White holeshttps://www.space.com/white-holes.htmlhttps://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/white-holes-do-black-holes-have-mirror-imageshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1HqOEbq2L4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4aqGI1mSqo [Butt One More Thing]Carl Sagan BHAhttps://www.engadget.com/2014-02-26-when-carl-sagan-sued-apple-twice.html#:~:text=In%20the%20wake%20of%20Sagan's,first%20place%20is%20beyond%20comical. 

Milk is pretty normal, right? Boring even! But have you ever thought about it? Like, really thought about it? We have! And I gotta say, it led us to some challenging places. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen 

We get A LOT of questions from our listeners! So this week we decided to put the competition on hold, open up the old Tangents Mailbag, and answer a few of them!  Get ready to learn some of our deepest secrets, like what Ceri thinks about yogurt and Stefan's milk conundrum! There are other, less dairy related things in this episode, too. Once again, thank you all for your support and for all of the amazing questions you ask us every week. We couldn't do it without you! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:Artificial sugarshttp://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Aspartame.htmlhttps://sucralose.org/sucralose-facts/#:~:text=Sucralose%20is%20made%20by%20a,%2C%20but%20is%20calorie%2Dfree.https://www.stevia.com/2016/10/03/how-is-stevia-leaf-extract-made/https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/artificial-sweetener8.htmhttp://www.yalescientific.org/2010/09/mythbusters-does-sugar-really-make-children-hyper/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/391812https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7963081/Photic sneezinghttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-bright-light-cau/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03012675https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1042271/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41551-0Milk and bonesWhale hearinghttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118582https://dosits.org/animals/sound-reception/marine-mammals-hear/hearing-in-cetaceans/https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/how-to-see-what-whales-hear/https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/marine-mammals/keeping-ear-out-whale-evolutionhttp://repository.ias.ac.in/4651/1/321.pdfDuck swimming https://www.audubon.org/news/webbed-feet-are-evolutionary-hithttps://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/110/3/543/2415604https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/uropygial-glandhttps://academy.allaboutbirds.org/feathers-article/Multivitamins[Butt One More Thing]Anal poucheshttps://books.google.com/books?id=IETMd3-lSlkC&pg=PA99&lpg=PA99https://www.wired.com/2015/01/creature-feature-10-fun-facts-fossa/

Glowing Things: is that a scientific topic? Yes, but not by much. In fact, we spend a lot of the episode figuring out of there even is a scientific definition of 'glow!' Very exciting! Here's a little fun fact for all you Sam-heads out there: my favorite color is 'glow-in-the-dark green." That's right, I finally admit that I'm the one writing all these descriptions! I guess Ceri doesn't do everything after all, huh?!  Peace, Sam Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangents.org!   [Truth or Fail] Foxfire https://allthatsinteresting.com/foxfire-bioluminescence#:~:text=Foxfire%20is%20the%20informal%20term,together%20to%20form%20a%20glow. Submarine https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/david-bushnells-turtle-of-1776.html https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/s/submarine-turtle-naval-documents.html There is a LOT about this submarine, and a lot of it is contradictory! A very fun Google rabbit hole to fall down.  [Fact Off] Death fluorescence  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/blue-death-in-worms/ https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001613 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3735983/ Picture: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3735983/figure/F1/ Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6S3D8Fy8N4 Millipede glowing genitals https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/187/1/117/5475011?searchresult=1 The Brain Scoop video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjNQUOYtZC0 [Ask the Science Couch] Freezing glow sticks https://www.compoundchem.com/2014/10/14/glowsticks/ https://www.thoughtco.com/how-do-lightsticks-work-607878 https://www2.chem.uic.edu/marek/apintropage/ap_notes/chapter18/rateseffectstempconcats.htm [Butt One More Thing] Glow Woims  https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/16/science/glow-worms-new-zealand.html

What do proteins do? Heck, an easier question to answer would be 'what don't they do?" No, seriously... I think they do, like, everything. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Protein gamehttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/victory-for-crowdsourced-biomolecule2/Protein musichttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190626125052.htmWhey fabrichttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-01/ded-ssa012317.php[Fact Off]Prions in wine yeasthttps://phys.org/news/2014-08-prions-trigger-stuck-wine-fermentations.html#:~:text=Working%20through%20a%20prion%E2%80%94an,without%20altering%20the%20yeast's%20DNA.Spider silk in vaccineshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180612185155.htmhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/udg-ank061218.phphttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961218302473?via%3Dihubhttp://news.mit.edu/2019/spider-silk-humidity-robotic-muscle-0301[Ask the Science Couch]Complete proteinshttps://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/complete-and-incomplete-proteins-grains-and-vegetableshttps://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002467.htmhttps://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002222.htmhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-03/cfgr-utr031119.phphttps://academic.oup.com/jn/article/134/6/1558S/4688841[Butt One More Thing]Sonic hedgehog anorectal malformationhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1850556/

What’s a frog? Well, it’s not quite a fish, and it’s not quite a lizard, but put them together and you have a stout, slimy little pal that everyone can agree on! Especially Ceri! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links! [Truth or Fail]GlueImage of crucifix frog: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Holy_Cross_Frog.jpghttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-05473-zhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6492-frog-glue-repairs-damaged-cartilage/SandImage of tadpoles: https://www.thehindu.com/migration_catalog/article14128847.ece/ALTERNATES/LANDSCAPE_1200/31th-frog2.jpghttp://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160330-these-newly-discovered-frogs-have-really-weird-tadpoleshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0151781SuctionImage of paradox frog tadpole: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NHM_London_Paradoxical_frog_(Pseudis_paradoxa)_model.jpghttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/31509/what-big-baby-life-and-times-paradox-froghttps://www.mtpr.org/post/field-notes-tale-montanas-strangest-frog[Fact Off]Foam-nest frogshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1D8b4e9nGwEhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0934Frog cell robotshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200113175653.htmhttps://www.pnas.org/content/117/4/1853Video: https://movie-usa.glencoesoftware.com/video/10.1073/pnas.1910837117/video-1[Ask the Science Couch]Sticky frog tongueshttps://theconversation.com/the-frog-tongue-is-a-high-speed-adhesive-72064https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0764https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/01/watch-frog-s-tongue-ultrasoft-shock-absorber[Butt One More Thing]Frog skin buttock grafthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2355278/?page=1

The Tangents crew needed to get out and enjoy some summer sun, so this week we're reposting our classic Bees episode! Tune in next week for a new episode!Do you ever just wonder, “are the bees doing okay?” They’re so important to our food industry and native ecosystems, and every couple of years it seems like something horribly bad is happening to them. So this week, we’re taking a look at the fascinating lives and deaths of bees! Can they recognize human faces or understand the concept of zero? Why are blister beetles mimicking sexy bee pheromones? And what do nightclubs and honeybee hives have in common? Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangnets.org![Poem]https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120316-hot-bee-balls-hornets-insects-brains-animals-science/http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/206/2/353.full.pdf[Truth or Fail]Handedness in beesBees understanding zeroBees recognize faces[Fact Off]Blister beetles: Drunk bees:[Ask the Science Couch]CCD: https://www.epa.gov/pollinator-protection/colony-collapse-disorderGlyphosate:http://jeb.biologists.org/content/218/17/2799https://www.glyphosate.eu/glyphosate-mechanism-actionhttps://www.pnas.org/content/115/41/10305Native bees:https://www.wired.com/2015/04/youre-worrying-wrong-bees/http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Xerces_policy_statement_HB_Final.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5722319/[Butt One More Thing]Isopentyl acetate:https://www.extension.entm.purdue.edu/beehive/pdf/Breed_et_al.pdfhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/isoamyl_acetate#section=Top 

From toenails to T-cells, human bodies have a whole lot of moving parts, which means there’s ample opportunity for things to go not-quite-according-to-plan!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangents.org![Truth or Fail]Salmonellahttps://www.technologyreview.com/2007/09/25/223729/deadly-bacteria-from-outer-space/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/in-space-infectious-diseases-reveal-their-true-nature-19761956/)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5515522/UTIhttps://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/science/germs-in-space-tougher-and-deadlier/article694273/#:~:text=In%201970%2C%20Fred%20Haise%2C%20part,2006%20mission%2C%20including%20Pseudomonas%20aeruginosa.https://history.nasa.gov/SP-350/ch-13-5.htmlhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23658630/Green Musclehttps://extension.umd.edu/sites/extension.umd.edu/files/_docs/programs/poultry/IS1976%20Deep%20Pectoral%20Myopathy.pdfSupplemental https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/547736/what-happens-when-astronaut-gets-sick-space#:~:text=Astronauts%20floating%20around%20in%20zero,can%20sometimes%20cause%20an%20injury.&text=That%20happened%20with%20spaceflight%2Dassociated,their%20eyes%20during%20space%20missions.[Fact Off]Fake Typhus epidemichttps://archive.org/stream/NavyMedicine198004/Navy%20Medicine%201980-04#page/n27/mode/2uphttps://www.cdc.gov/typhus/epidemic/index.htmlhttps://www.dshs.texas.gov/lab/serology_agg.shtmhttps://amednews.com/article/20040705/profession/307059953/6/https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article-abstract/37/5/321/1898852?redirectedFrom=fulltextGlaucoma T-cellshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180810091530.htmhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05681-9

The sea is filled with giant, super-smart aquatic mammals communicating across vast distances and using the stars to navigate. No jokes in this description! Whales are amazing!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangnets.org[Truth or Fail]Dogs sniffing out poophttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703337/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/meet-dogs-sniffing-out-whale-poop-science-180958050/https://conservationbiology.uw.edu/research-programs/killer-whales/https://www.biology.washington.edu/news/news/1504634400/tucker-orca-poop-detection-dog-seattlemetRobots scooping poophttp://dcs.whoi.edu/https://www.newsdeeply.com/oceans/articles/2018/02/22/whale-of-a-journey-robot-searches-for-elusive-humpbacks-on-high-seashttps://money.cnn.com/2016/09/30/technology/mit-robots-sewers/index.htmlWhale litter boxhttps://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/faking-out-whales[Fact Off]Whale heartbeathttps://www.pnas.org/content/116/50/25329https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/su-rrf112219.phphttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-measure-blue-whales-heart-rate-first-time-180973662/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/11/diving-blue-whales-heart-beats-very-very-slowly/602557/Lunge feedinghttps://www.nature.com/articles/nature11135https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-05/uobc-gwh042815.phphttps://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-ultimate-mouthful-lunge-feeding-in-rorqual-whaleshttps://www.popsci.com/whale-nerve-cells-can-stretchhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982215002845[Ask the Science Couch]Whale navigationhttps://www.wired.com/2011/04/humpback-whale-migration/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0279https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/solar-storms-might-throw-migrating-whales-course-180974278/https://meridian.allenpress.com/jcr/article-abstract/doi/10.2112/SI75-111.1/29667/Coastal-Fronts-Utilized-by-Migrating-Humpback?redirectedFrom=PDFhttps://www.livescience.com/63791-underwater-volcanoes-tasmania.html[Butt One More Thing]Anal syruphttp://whitelab.biology.dal.ca/rwb/kogiastat.pdfhttps://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/pygmy-sperm-whalehttps://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/slimy-saliva-sticky-tongues-and-anal-syrup-3-of-the-slimiest-creatures-in-the-animal-kingdom/

Humanity’s quest for flight has been, all things considered, extremely successful! Sure, we aren’t all zipping around in jetpacks yet… but honestly I don’t think we’re ready for jetpacks. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangnets.org![Truth or Fail]Donut-shaped aircrafthttps://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=2014319274A1&KC=A1&FT=D&ND=3&date=20141030&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EPhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/flying-saucer-patents-alexander-weygershttps://patents.google.com/patent/US2377835A/enWilliams X-Jethttps://patents.google.com/patent/US4447024https://www.theguardian.com/science/2000/sep/14/technology2More pictures: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_X-Jet#/media/File:Williams_X-Jet_-_side_view.jpgFlying magic carpet https://books.google.com/books?id=biYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&https://www.theverge.com/2011/11/3/2504531/jetpack-history-future-passed[Fact Off]First aerial photographhttps://www.geriwalton.com/felix-nadars-giant-balloon-le-geant/#:~:text=Felix%20Nadar's%20giant%20balloon%2C%20or,known%20by%20the%20pseudonym%20Nadar.&text=Caricature%20of%20Nadar%20as%20a%20ballooning%20photographer.https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/dec/23/books-felix-nadar-france-photography-flighthttp://www.artinsociety.com/the-adventures-of-nadar-photography-ballooning-invention--the-impressionists.htmlhttps://papa.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=808138&module_id=158950Drone organ transporthttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-04/uomm-uom042619.phphttps://www.jems.com/2020/01/29/new-partnership-in-drone-delivery-system-for-human-organs/https://weare.techohio.ohio.gov/2019/10/30/vyrtx-pioneers-air-corridor-for-drone-delivery-of-organs/[Ask the Science Couch]Alberto Santos-Dumonthttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Alberto-Santos-Dumonthttps://www.cnet.com/news/were-the-wright-brothers-really-first-not-in-brazil/https://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/ptech/12/10/brazil.santosdumont.reut/http://www.wright-brothers.org/History_Wing/History_of_the_Airplane/Who_Was_First/Santos_Dumont/Santos_Dumont.htm[Butt One More Thing]Airplane stinky poophttp://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/31908620/ba-flight-forced-to-land-early-because-of-smelly-poo