Scott Sumner, a prominent economist known for advocating nominal GDP targeting, delves into the pitfalls of industrial policy and tariffs. He argues that tariffs often harm rather than help the economy, citing historical fears, like those concerning Japan's rise, which were overblown. Sumner critiques the simplistic notions linking trade to job losses, emphasizes the importance of innovation over manufacturing, and warns against geopolitical anxieties regarding China. His insights advocate for deregulation and promoting educated workforces as a balanced response to economic challenges.

Robert Chandler, an author, poet, and translator renowned for his translations of Vasily Grossman's works, shares his fascinating journey of bringing 'Life and Fate' to English. He discusses the challenges of navigating Soviet censorship and the emotional connections he formed with the characters. Chandler delves into the art of repetition in translation and the complex interplay of humor amidst grim themes. He reflects on Grossman's personal struggles and the resilience of humanity, showcasing the vital role of translators in making Russian literature accessible.

Tyler Cowen, an economist and prolific commentator from George Mason University, dives deep into Vasily Grossman’s monumental novel, 'Life and Fate.' He discusses the intense themes of war and resilience, drawing parallels to the works of Tolstoy and Chekhov. The conversation also touches on the struggles for artistic expression under Stalin and the moral dilemmas faced by artists during oppressive regimes. Cowen emphasizes the challenges of reading complex literature and how language can shape our understanding of fanaticism and evolving beliefs.

Haviv Rettig Gur, a senior analyst for the Times of Israel, draws on decades of political and military history to discuss Israel's shifting stance on the Palestinians. He delves into the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, including the emotions tied to military occupation and pivotal moments like the Oslo Accords. Gur also explores the motivations behind terrorism, the impact of recent events, and the nuanced identities within Israeli society, all while illuminating potential pathways to peace amidst deep-rooted challenges.

Join physicist and author Alan Lightman as he navigates the fascinating interplay between science and spirituality. He advocates for cultivating awe in our lives by engaging with nature's wonders, from the mystery of ball lightning to the survival strategies of brightly colored animals. Lightman explores consciousness, questioning AI's grasp of human experiences, and discusses the impact of gravity on mountain heights. With a sense of connection to nature, he invites listeners to appreciate the miraculous elements of our universe.

Filmmaker Penny Lane, known for her documentaries exploring social themes, shares her journey of donating a kidney to a stranger. She delves into the emotional complexities and societal perceptions of altruism, questioning why such selfless acts seem odd to many. Lane explores the psychological underpinnings of empathy, the struggle between anonymity and visibility in charitable acts, and the impact on her personal identity. Through her narrative, she sheds light on the pressing issue of kidney availability and the intricate dance between sacrifice and morality.

In this engaging discussion, Susan Cain, author of "Quiet" and "Bittersweet," delves into the allure of melancholy and its role in our lives. She explores why we find beauty in sadness, from the emotional depth of minor key music to the joy inspired by acts of heroism. Cain emphasizes the richness of bittersweet moments, particularly during life transitions like the empty nest phase. The conversation also highlights empathy in healthcare and challenges the pursuit of constant happiness, urging a deeper appreciation of the complexities of human emotion.

Bryan Caplan, a Professor at George Mason University and author of 'Build, Baby, Build', dives into the complexities of the housing market. He discusses how excessive regulations are driving up housing costs in places like the U.S. and Israel. The conversation explores the balance between urban charm and necessary development, as well as the surprising environmental benefits of urban density. Caplan also challenges common views on homeowner and renter perspectives regarding housing policies, advocating for deregulation to enhance affordability.

Arnold Kling, an economist and author known for his work on political economy, joins the discussion to tackle the pressing issue of misinformation in democracy. He delves into how we can navigate truth in an age of conflicting narratives and the dangers of censorship on social media. Kling also reflects on the concept of 'noble lies' and the tension between self-interest and moral reasoning. With insights into shifts in academia and political discourse, he provides a framework for understanding modern societal challenges.

Michael Morris is a cultural psychologist and author of "Tribal," specializing in the impact of cultural instincts on group dynamics. He discusses the nuanced role of tribalism in democracy, suggesting it can unite rather than divide us. Morris shares intriguing examples from sports and leadership, demonstrating how understanding cultural instincts can transform teams and organizations. He also explores the importance of traditions and rituals in maintaining social cohesion, alongside the challenges posed by tribalism in the digital age.