Reason with Science

This conversation is with Lee McIntyre. He is a Research Fellow at the Center for Philosophy and History of  Science at Boston University and an Instructor in Ethics at Harvard  Extension School. In this conversation we talk about what is science, importance of  scientific method, science deniers, flat earthers, Anti-Vaxx, GMO  deniers and climate change deniers.    Guest info:  Website: https://leemcintyrebooks.com/about-lee/  Twitter: https://twitter.com/LeeCMcIntyre  Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/stores/Lee-McIntyre/author/B001IXPVPM?ref=ap_rdr&store_ref=ap_rdr&isDramIntegrated=true&shoppingPortalEnabled=true   Episode links:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/art-of-science-communication-with-lee-mcintyre  Youtube: https://youtu.be/XgZM0vaNBu4  Spotify:   Apple podcast:   Google podcast: Follow Reason with Science:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/   Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience   Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh   Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894   Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw Timestamps:  0:00 Introduction  01:10 Philosophy of science and science denial  03:19 Flat earther convention  06:00 What do science deniers lack?  07:54 What is scientific method?  10:51 Distinction between skeptics and science deniers?  16:00 Need to feel different for science deniers?  17:23 Attitude of scientific community?  20:35 'No one cares about climate change outside Maldives'  24:35 Vaccination denial  29:25 GMO deniers  34:02 Is there a correlation between science denial ideologies?  36:48 Can scientists be corrupt?  39:40 How science reaches to consensus?  41:47 How to maintain trust in changing science?  44:34 Backfire effect?  49:12 What science can give them as an identity?  51:36 Impact of using terms 'Science deniers'.  52:18 Correlation between countries with science deniers and how they handled pandemic?  53:34 Does it really matter to convert science deniers?  54:45 What more to read?  56:23 Find more information about Lee's work.  56:52 Thank you!

This episode is with Chris Fields. He is an independent scientist with a  PhD in Philosophy from the University of Colorado. Here we talk about  what is a self?, nature of consciousness, physical reality, quantum  field theory, panpsychism, boundaries of cognition, complex systems and a  theory of consciousness. Guest info:  Website: https://chrisfieldsresearch.com/ Episode links:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/physical-reality-and-mind-with-chris-fields  Youtube: https://youtu.be/Mu_kW11ap8M  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0ULSen1QoFeFLE2bOVi29P  Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/physical-reality-and-mind-with-chris-fields-%7C-reason-with-science-%7C-quantum-theory-%7C-consciousness/d4828162-f8b0-4b97-8203-d7cb01c2e059  Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/MzBjMDI4ODUtNWUwZS00MzJhLTllZDEtMWRhNzgzODMyZDQ2?ep=14 Follow Reason with Science:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/   Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience   Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh   Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894   Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw Timestamps:  00:00:00 Introduction  00:00:53 What is a self?   00:06:13 Difference between a self of a bacteria and human?  00:11:20 Self and a mind  00:14:22 Consciousness and a self  00:20:13 Panpsychism 00:22:25 Boundaries of cognition   00:26:40 Properties of LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor)  00:34:22 Memory and information in a system  00:39:24 How far we can stretch the understanding of boundaries?   00:45:14 Where is a self in the transitions of matter?  00:51:31 Language trap in exploring consciousness   00:56:20 Scale of consciousness 01:05:20 Attributing consciousness to chemistry  01:07:20 Consciousness during the development of a human  01:11:11 What would it mean to have a theory of consciousness? 01:16:17 Experience of larger and complex systems   01:20:03 Understanding complexity   01:27:48 Building complex systems like AI   01:32:32 What makes internet so complex?   01:35:34 Mike Levin's work to create Xenobots   01:41:00 Creating artificial bacteria     01:45:26 Origin of life 01:54:08 Thank you! Music by: Ahmed Hassan (https://www.youtube.com/@2ays577/featured)

This episode is with Nicholas Christakis. He is the Sterling Professor  of Social and Natural Science at Yale University, where he directs the  Human Nature Lab. He is also the Co-Director of the Yale Institute for  Network Science. His research focuses on social networks and the  socioeconomic, biosocial, and evolutionary determinants of behavior,  health, and longevity. Here we talk about nature nurture, The social  suite which includes seven core properties of any good society, The  forbidden experiment in sociology, and morality.   Guest info:  Website: https://humannaturelab.net/people/nicholas-christakis  Twitter: https://twitter.com/NAChristakis  Amazon:  https://www.amazon.com/s?i=stripbooks&rh=p_27%3ANicholas+A.+Christakis+MD++PhD&s=relevancerank&text=Nicholas+A.+Christakis+MD++PhD&ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1   Episode links:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/the-evolutionary-origins-of-a-good-society-with-nicholas-christakis  Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61-cE2z-aWI  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/2WjOykglFgmydegQ18QajI  Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/the-evolutionary-origins-of-a-good-society-|-nicholas-christakis-|-reason-with-science-|-psychology/904d4179-7dc4-4a6f-b8c2-a5c13e520d7c  Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/NDQ0NmFiMDUtMDI5ZS00NzAxLWFhNjYtMjQ3MjgxNTQ0YzBi?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjor4S5ybP9AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQQw Follow Reason with Science:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/   Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience   Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh   Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894   Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw    Timestamps:  00:00:00 Introduction   00:01:03 Major questions about human societies   00:07:16 Importance of human social networks   00:09:58 Nature- nurture debate    00:14:15 The social suite   00:16:06 Importance of the social society in creating a human society   00:22:17 Going beyond the social suite in a society   00:24:25 Extended phenotype and Exo-phenotype   00:29:36 Exo-phenotype and Darwinian evolution  00:30:30 Importance of an individual in a society   00:34:48 In-group bias   00:44:56 How much we can change 'In-group bias'?   00:47:03 Robert Sapolsky's 'Categorical thinking'   00:53:05 Life on Mars   00:54:11 Importance of Mild hierarchies    00:55:49 Mentorship  over Narcissism   01:01:39 Love in human societies    01:06:15 Morality    01:09:11 Thank you!

This episode is with Chris Impey. He is a university Distinguished Professor of Astronomy at the  University of Arizona. For 17 years he was Deputy Head of the Astronomy  Department at the University of Arizona, and he is currently Associate  Dean of the College of Science. His research focuses on observational  cosmology—using telescopes and other instruments to study the  large-scale structure and evolution of the universe. Here we talk about Einstein's monsters, How do black holes form?, Types  of black holes?, Information paradox, Supernova, Dark matter and Dark  energy. Guest info: Website: http://chrisimpey-astronomy.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/ImpeyChris Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/stores/Chris-Impey/author/B001IZXGTS?isDramIntegrated=true&ref=ap_rdr&shoppingPortalEnabled=true&store_ref=ap_rdr  Episode links:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/physics-of-black-holes-with-chris-impey  Youtube: https://youtu.be/n_0Wp0s39Es  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7juYOARFZeR2Z1lr7oA0Bw  Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/physics-of-black-holes-with-chris-impey/a1ca48fd-09ea-438f-98c9-54bdfc907c8b  Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/ZmI1MzU1NGItM2EyOC00NjAwLWFhYzItMGQ5YTgzN2RjYjE5?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjYy_zTm6H9AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAQ Follow Reason with Science:  Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/  Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh  Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894  Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw

This episode is with Abhay Ashtekar. He is Evan Pugh Professor of Physics at Penn State, where he also holds the Eberly Chair. In 1993, he founded the Institute of Gravitation and the Cosmos. Ashtekar’s scientific work focuses on theoretical aspects of general relativity, cosmology and quantum gravity. Here we talk about what is gravity?, loop quantum gravity, The big bang, The big bounce, Singularities, Black holes and gravitational waves. Guest info:  Website: https://science.psu.edu/physics/people/abhay-ashtekar  Biography: https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/45807 Episode links:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/big-bang-black-holes-and-gravitational-waves-with-abhay-ashtekar  Youtube: https://youtu.be/_eYw_MQXIhM  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1W2ltjs6l9I0WSAo9CYEKh  Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/cz/podcast/big-bang-black-holes-and-gravitational-waves-abhay/id1641776894?i=1000597045107  Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/NDc4OGIxMGMtNDY4My00ZmRiLWE0OWUtZjMyYjhkYmIyYTA1?ep=14 Follow Reason with Science:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/   Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience   Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh   Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894   Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction 00:00:52 What is gravity? 00:10:50 Einstein's equivalence principle 00:15:34 Importance of geometry in physics 00:19:04 Introduction to quantum field theory 00:23:50 Einstein's work on quantum mechanics 00:25:04 Quantum field theory to explain reality 00:33:10 Scale of theory of relativity and quantum field theory 00:37:50 Introduction to loop quantum gravity 00:52:44 Gravity is a weak force 00:54:45 'Loops' in loop quantum gravity 01:05:20 Difference between strings and quantum threads 01:07:04 Status of Gravitons 01:10:58 Importance of gravitons 01:15:12 Gravitational waves 01:17:34 What is a black hole? 01:21:16 Black holes and loop quantum gravity 01:27:12 The Big Bounce 01:38:00 Loop quantum cosmology 01:39:07 Big bounce and the universe 01:41:31 Validating loop quantum gravity 01:45:25 Recommended reading 01:49:51 Thank you! Recommended reading: The Story of Loop Quantum Gravity- From the Big Bounce to Black Holes https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1042&v=x9jYH5VIF9E Before the Big Bang 1 - Loop Quantum Cosmology Explained https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFcQuEw0oY8&feature=c4-overview&list=UUtOgKmAM4MeFu-jd-HB3_cg A  Short Review of Loop Quantum Gravity, by A. Ashtekar and E. Bianchi, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.04394.pdf  Quantum Space-time: Beyond the continuum of Minkowski and Einstein, by A. Ashtekar, https://arxiv.org/pdf/0810.0514.pdf  Clip: New Meaning of the Big Bang. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7kvjTRW-tw&feature=youtu.be 

This episode is with Pavel Plevka. He is a research group leader at Central European institute of technology (CEITEC).  His research is focused on solving the structures of viruses in order to understand their mechanism of action. For this conversation, My co-host is Anna Papageorgiou (https://twitter.com/AnnaCalypte). Here we talk about general aspects of viruses, their genomes, evolution of viruses, their infection strategies, impact of viruses on human health, environment and agriculture. Guest info: Website: https://www.ceitec.cz/doc-mgr-pavel-plevka-ph-d/u26854?page=publication Twitter: https://twitter.com/PlevkaLab Episode links:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/viruses_the_enigma_of_life_with_pavel_plevka  Youtube: https://youtu.be/c2TRLkbDVa8  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3J2A6psAbgwudGcaBXoePS?si=NNPZNbTbR52KZVSVKW_eyw  Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/viruses-the-enigma-of-life-with-pavel-plevka/e369efdf-1cd7-42ff-967c-2937d6be3edd  Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/YWJiMDRiY2EtYThjMC00M2M4LWExNWQtNWI3MjNkNDI3YmYw?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwj4qOK4q9v8AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA Follow Reason with Science:  Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/  Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh  Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894  Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw  Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction 00:01:01 What is a virus and why do we study them? 00:02:02 Size of a viruses 00:03:57 Viroids and Gene Transfer Agents (GTA) 00:05:17 How to visualize viruses? 00:07:03 Different structures of viruses 00:08:34 Classification of viruses 00:10:01 How do viruses recognize their hosts and infect them? 00:16:58 Viral mechanism of action 00:19:42 How viruses can infect multiple hosts? 00:21:52 Essential features of viral genomes 00:23:30 Membranes and envelopes of viruses 00:26:05 Evolutionary origins of viruses 00:29:22 Why viruses are not part of the tree of life? 00:30:17 Co-evolution of viruses and hosts 00:37:24 How widespread viruses are? 00:39:47 Therapeutic strategies against viruses 00:42:26 Prevention against viruses 00:44:55 Phage therapy 00:47:27 Use of viruses in cancer therapies 00:49:00 Gene therapy 00:51:02 Importance of viruses for ecology 00:54:44 How viruses survive the extreme conditions? 00:58:40 Honeybee viruses 01:00:12 Do viruses carry known functions? 01:01:35 Are viruses alive? 01:02:29 What the technology lacks? 01:03:34 Pavel's favorite virus 01:04:21 Recommended article 01:05:10 Thank you! Music by: Ahmed Hassan (https://www.youtube.com/@2ays577/featured)

This episode is with Peter Atkins. He is a chemist and a Fellow of Lincoln College at the University of Oxford. Peter is a prolific writer of popular chemistry textbooks, including Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Molecular Quantum Mechanics. Here we talk about what are the laws of nature?, fundamental constants, emergence in the universe, strong and weak emergence, multiverse and a theory of everything. Guest info: Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Books-Peter-Atkins/s?rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3APeter+Atkins Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Atkins Episode links: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/emergence-of-the-universe-with-peter-atkins Youtube: https://youtu.be/o14rvWAXiJk Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/2YQUiJSqLSjXm6grwRKhN6?si=US1dT05USgSItcp0ybZovQ Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/emergence-of-the-universe-|-peter-atkins-|-reason-with-science-|-multiverse-|-physics/3ef09511-b6fd-4d44-84ae-59fbb5c974bb Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/ZTQyYzAzMTUtMDg4Ni00NTAyLWE0MjctOWQ3ZDM5NDQ1NGFi?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjo-4GQ-5X8AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA Follow Reason with Science: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/i d1641776894 Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction 00:00:56 What is emergence? 00:02:30 what is the relation between emergence, Complexity and self-organisation? 00:12:42 How the universe originated? 00:31:00 understanding nothing and multiverse 00:32:07 How time emerges? 00:34:09 is nothing still evolving? 00:41:32 Evolution of humanity through time 00:51:05 what does it mean to be human? 00:52:48 how do we discover laws of nature? 00:58:32 outlaws and inlaws. 01:01:55 A grand unified theory in science 01:06:08 are fundamental constants fundamental? 01:17:11 predicting chemistry from physics 01:22:05 Increasing importance of predictions 01:26:05 what are the major questions for science of emergence? 01:29:15 can we create 'absolutely nothing' in the lab? 01:30:14 how much can we account for abstract properties? 01:34:30 future work 01:36:42 Thank you More talks by Peter: 1) origin of the laws of nature (https://youtu.be/p9Zmzcl85Ds) 2) where do the laws of nature come from (https://youtu.be/0_ckzZWDth8) 3) why emergence is significant (https://youtu.be/rAeEozekhu4) Music by: Ahmed Hassan ( ) #reasonwithscience #physics #multiverse

This episode is with Charles Brenner. He is the Alfred E Mann Family  Foundation Chair in the department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism.  His research focuses on disturbances in nicotinamide adenine  dinucleotide (NAD), the central catalyst of metabolism, in diseases and  conditions of metabolic stress.   Here we talk about what is metabolism?, NAD system, factors affecting  NAD system, ageing, anti-ageing research and how NAD system can be used  in health?   Guest info:  Website: https://www.brennerlab.net/  Twitter: https://twitter.com/CharlesMBrenner?s=20&t=sP8HvddsdScE8qzeQN_t3Q  Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=XgEjtucAAAAJ&hl=en   Episode links:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/understanding-metabolism-and-aging-with-charles-brenner  Youtube: https://youtu.be/DHh_E3BbtmI  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4q1tqsDiIuwi3jNtdZP2UM?si=QB1KgNMxQpu5dJvlNGLqWQ  Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/understanding-metabolism-and-aging-|-charles-brenner-|-reason-with-science-|-nad-system-|-anti-aging/8ca959ec-8bbe-466b-a4e5-d2399d40a452  Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/YmUxZmQyZDEtMjI1ZC00N2FlLWJjMjAtNjVmZDZkZDRiYzc1?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwiou6WW76v7AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA   Follow Reason with Science:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/   Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience   Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh   Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894   Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw    Timestamps:  00:00:00 Introduction  00:00:51 What is metabolism?  00:01:40 Metabolism at cellular level  00:02:44 Different metabolic processes   00:04:50 NAD (Nicotinamide adenine diamide) system   00:08:20 Food to NAD system    00:13:09 Evolutionary history of NAD system    00:15:44 Molecular description of NAD system   00:20:51 Synthesis of NAD   00:23:21 What is metabolic stress?   00:28:23 Consequences of metabolic stress on NAD system   00:29:45 Conditions caused by NAD deficiency   00:34:23 Impact of food on metabolic stress   00:35:51 Different types of foods and NAD levels   00:40:01 NAD levels and circadian rythem   00:40:50 Genetic predisposition to NAD levels  00:42:40 Are there population wide changes in NAD systems?   00:47:25 Importance of NAD levels in the blood and how much of these can enter in the cell?   00:50:08 Are there modified NMN compounds which can enter in the cell?   00:52:01 NAD system and aging   01:02:25 Objection against 'Sirtuins as drivers of aging'  01:04:29 How do we understand aging?  01:08:25 Biochemical explanation of aging   01:12:20 What kind of biomarkers can help is in studying aging?   01:15:33 Charles' work on NAD system   01:17:05 What sort of system can help us study aging?   01:23:37 Lifestyle and NAD system    01:26:07 NR (Nicotinamide Ribose) as supplements   01:27:19 Thank you!     #reasonwithscience #health #aging

This episode is with William Ratcliff. He is an Associate Professor at the School of Biological Science at Georgia Tech. Will studies the physics that constrains multicellular structures and examines the minute changes in certain yeast cells that allows them to become multicellular. Here we talk about origin of life, emergence of complexity, eukaryogenesis, how cells become multicellular? and major questions regarding how multicellularity evolves. Guest info: Website: https://ratclifflab.biosci.gatech.edu/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/wc_ratcliff?s=20&t=V9HDIs-TNdMJazo02F8v5Q Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wdVRIS0AAAAJ&hl=en Episode links:  Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/how-multicellularity-evolves-with-william-ratcliff Youtube: https://youtu.be/HOrNrg2H5Ok Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0xWzhzWozsnIppGpcN1fNx?si=iMvD48OVSPqxhZTfnxv4CQ Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/how-multicellularity-evolves-with-william-ratcliff/20ca73cb-7550-451a-9dae-84e1c415ebed Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/MmIyMGYzZTYtMWY3My00M2UxLTk1YzgtNTQ0MDZlZGJmNmQ5?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwio98jQh4n7AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA Follow Reason with Science:  Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/  Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh  Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894  Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw  Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction 00:00:50 Origin of life 00:09:02 Protocells and Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) 00:11:58 Origin of LUCA 00:14:47 Evolution of life from LUCA 00:20:35 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 00:27:44 Semantics of colonies, communities and multicellularity 00:38:25 Kin selection and Group selection debate 00:43:12 Reductionism in science   00:49:32 Strong emergence 00:55:49 Snowflake yeasts 01:11:20 Multicellularity in bacteria 01:14:10 Reproduction in yeasts 01:21:11 Growth regulation in snowflake yeasts 01:27:47 Reproduction of snowflake yeasts 01:34:44 Evolutionary game theory 01:38:34 Michael Levin's work on Xenobots  01:41:56 Darwinian evolution is crucial for multicellular systems to evolve 01:47:01 How cellular functions are regulated in multicellular systems? 01:54:52 Nicole King's work on Choanoflagellates  01:57:19 Polarity in multicellular systems 01:59:32 Syncytia (Multinuclear) cells 02:04:22 Snowflake system and major questions about multicellularity  02:15:09 Reverting multicellularity 02:18:09 Thank you!

This episode is with Chris Ferrie. He is an associate Professor at the  University of Technology Sydney and Centre for Quantum Software and  Information. His research focuses on quantum information science. Chris  also writes children's books and some selected titles include Quantum  Physics for Babies, 8 Little Planets and Pandemics for Babies. In  this conversation we talk about beginning of quantum physics, Double  slit experiment, matter, understanding reality, quantum entanglement and  quantum computing.   Guest info: Website: https://www.csferrie.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/csferrie Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Chris-Ferrie/e/B00IZILZR6/ref=aufs_dp_fta_dsk Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/csferrie   Episode links:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/quantum-physics-for-babies-with-chris-ferrie  Youtube: https://youtu.be/fn1W6Ml_8yY Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0R2jkglSrfguE347uF4oxk  Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/quantum-physics-for-babies-with-chris-ferrie/100f0595-9def-45e2-bc95-910415a5a077  Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/NDRhZWI0YWEtYWY3OC00ZTAzLThhY2QtYTQyNzhlZDM1Yzk4?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwiItfPahvP6AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA    Follow Reason with Science: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw    Timestamps:  00:00:00 Introduction  00:00:55 Do we understand quantum physics?   00:03:50 Double slit experiment     00:08:43 Max Planck and Einstein's work   00:09:58 Early development of quantum theory  00:12:05 'Quantum' in quantum physics   00:12:41 Heisenberg's principle  00:18:56 Schrodinger's equation   00:20:10 Quantum superposition and quantum entanglement   00:22:53 How to understand quantum entanglement?   00:27:26 Measurement   00:30:13 What is matter and nature of reality? 00:34:22 Reductionism  00:36:07 Emergence and theory of everything  00:39:49 Science of chaos/luck/chance  00:42:11 Understanding chaos  00:43:54 Quantum information  00:50:07 Quantum information and consciousness  00:51:31 Work of Bernardo Kastrup and Donald Hoffman  00:54:54 (Eugene) Wigner's friend    00:59:44 Decoherence in quantum physics   01:02:31 Quantum computers  01:07:09 How big are quantum computers?  01:10:10 Problem with quantum computers  01:11:20 2022 Nobel prize in physics   01:15:04 Quantum systems in action   01:18:06 Writing science books for babies  01:21:08 Thank you!