Napoleon faces setbacks in Egypt, with financial problems and discontent among the population. The outbreak of plague and violent rebellion challenge his troops. Napoleon orders the assault on Al-Azhar, ignoring winning hearts and minds. His personal problems and news of war impact his personality and fixation on power.

Debt and property in revolutionary France, researching 18th-century French history, grad school journey, accessibility of French archives, role of the Bank of France in stabilizing the economy

The podcast explores Napoleon's challenges in Egypt, including the Battle of the Nile, France's foreign policy, and the Ottoman reaction. It delves into the chaos and resistance in Cairo, cultural differences in administration, and Napoleon's dilemma of converting to Islam for legitimacy. The episode also mentions Napoleon's failed overtures and transitions to an advertisement for 'Civil War and Reconstruction' podcast.

British Mediterranean Fleet chases French Navy and battles at Aboukir Bay. Battle of the Nile consequences for Napoleon and geopolitics. Comparison between French and British navies. Complexity of history and 'Grey History' podcast. Injuries and casualties in naval battle. Aftermath: impact on Napoleon and rise of Nelson. Cultural memory of Battle of Trafalgar.

French troops face challenges in the desert, including lack of water and deceptive mirages. Soldiers struggle with desperation but find relief in Damanur. Napoleon takes control and addresses discontent among officers. French army successfully repels Mamluk cavalry charge. Battle of the Pyramids is a decisive French victory with theories of possible treachery. French capture Cairo but face blow from British navy.

The Army of the Orient sails to Egypt, clashing with religious pirates in Malta. Bonaparte seizes Alexandria, encountering resistance from the garrison. Napoleon breaks the power of the Order in the Middle East and introduces himself to the people of Egypt. The Mameluke warlords rule Egypt, prompting a call for gathering in Cairo. French impressions reveal the country's unexpected nature.

Explore the unique and dysfunctional regime of the Mamelukes in Egypt, the influence of Al-Azhar scholars, and the intellectual and cultural changes sparked by Napoleon's arrival. Discover the French occupation of Egypt and the response of the Egyptians, as well as the decline of the Ottoman Empire and its military tactics. Don't miss the recommendation of the guest's insightful websites on historical exploration and international affairs.

Napoleon negotiates a peace treaty with Austria, setting the stage for future conflict. He plans the expedition to Egypt, driven by economic and strategic interests. The failed invasion of Ireland and funeral of General Lazar Oj are also discussed. Napoleon's decision to embark on the expedition is explored, highlighting his ambition and desire to emulate historical conquerors.

Military historians Dr. Mark Gerges, Dr. Jonathan Abel, and Dr. John Kuehn discuss the significance of the first Italian campaign, the misconceptions about Napoleon's progressive armies, assessing the effectiveness of different armies, overlooked military campaigns, Napoleon's lasting impact on France, and his campaign in Egypt

French politics during Napoleon's campaign in Italy oscillated dangerously between left and right. The establishment and dominance of the directory system of government, the rise of the left-wing movement, threats to the directory, and the ideological divide shaped the political landscape. The majority faction uncovers a royalist plot, leading to a political shift to the right and the rise of the Charles-Pecia Group. Napoleon expresses his dissatisfaction and announces his political ambitions in a tense letter exchange.