Arteriovenous access is required for hemodialysis. Charmaine Lok, MD, MSc, of the University of Toronto, discusses the role of primary care clinicians in the care of patients with arteriovenous access with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content: Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis In an earlier version of this podcast Dr Lok was discussing the naming convention of an AV access. As an example of a radiocephalic fistula she said, “a radial cephalic fistula would be connecting an arterial artery to cephalic vein.” She meant to say, “radial artery to cephalic vein.”  Later, while discussing insertion of needles, Dr Lok said, “autogenous graft,” but meant to say “non-autogenous graft.” 

Allergic rhinitis affects an estimated 15% of the US population and is associated with impaired quality of life. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses current evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis with author Jonathan A. Bernstein, MD, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati. Related Content: Allergic Rhinitis

Systemic amyloidosis from transthyretin (ATTR) protein is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure in older people. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of ATTR protein cardiomyopathy with Frederick L. Ruberg, MD, of the Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. Related Content: Cardiac Amyloidosis Due to Transthyretin Protein

What are the long-term outcomes of randomized clinical trials of bariatric surgery compared with medical/lifestyle management for patients with type 2 diabetes? JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, discusses a new study that examines this question and more with author Anita Courcoulas, MD, from the University of Pittsburgh. Related Content: Long-Term Outcomes of Medical Management vs Bariatric Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes

Learn about the diagnosis and management of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) with insights on distinguishing it from Sinus Tachycardia, utilizing wearable ECG devices, and the diverse patient populations affected by PSVT requiring specialized care.

Doctors Onyinye I. Iweala and Yamini V. Virkud discuss severe food allergies, highlighting prevention, symptoms, and management. They explore the role of early oral exposure, benefits of children playing with food, and the top nine food allergies. The challenges faced by patients with alpha-gal syndrome, a red meat allergy caused by tick bites, are also addressed. The podcast emphasizes the importance of carrying epinephrine autoinjectors and knowing when to call 911 for severe anaphylactic reactions.

Climate scientists and authors Kristie L. Ebi and Jeremy J. Hess discuss the impacts of climate change on human health, including altered weather patterns, extreme weather events, infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, and food security. They emphasize the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and highlight the hidden indirect effects of climate change on health. The podcast also explores strategies to mitigate the health impacts, challenges and opportunities in addressing climate change in the healthcare sector, and the importance of adaptation and mitigation efforts for health equity.

Topics discussed in this podcast include the increasing incidence and risk factors of thyroid cancer, common symptoms and diagnostic imaging studies used for diagnosis, different histologic subtypes of thyroid cancer and their treatment approaches, the use of radioactive iodine for treatment, and advances in molecular testing and personalized treatment strategies for thyroid cancer.

Interview with Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content: Screening for Speech and Language Problems in Young Children Recommendations for Speech and Language Screenings Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children 5 Years or Younger

Dr. Michael Howell discusses the evolution of AI in healthcare, from symbolic AI to AI 3.0. The limitations of AI 1.0 and the impact of biases in AI 2.0 are explored. Advancements in AI 3.0, such as foundation models and generative AI, are discussed. The importance of clinicians understanding different AI models and gaining first-hand experience is emphasized.