JAMA Clinical Reviews CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer
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Nov 4, 2024 Jennifer N. Brudno, an Associate Research Physician at the National Cancer Institute, shares her expertise on CAR T-cell therapy. The discussion highlights how genetically engineered T cells specifically target and kill tumor cells, showing promise against various B cell malignancies. Brudno also delves into the side effects, like cytokine release syndrome and neurological toxicities, while addressing FDA concerns over secondary malignancies. Plus, logistical challenges and advancements in making these therapies more accessible are explored, painting a comprehensive picture of CAR T-cell therapy's impact.
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CAR T-Cell Therapy Mechanism
- CAR T-cell therapy involves genetically engineering a patient's T-cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).
- This receptor recognizes and kills tumor cells expressing a specific surface antigen.
Effectiveness of CAR T-Cell Therapy
- CAR T-cell therapy's effectiveness varies depending on the cancer type and specific CAR T product used.
- B-cell malignancies like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma show promising results with CD19-directed CAR T cells.
CAR T-Cell Therapy Process
- The patient's T cells are collected via leukaphoresis, similar to blood transfusion, and shipped to a facility for genetic modification.
- After conditioning chemotherapy, the engineered CAR T cells are infused back into the patient, where they proliferate.