Within Reason

The podcast delves into the multiverse theory, quantum mechanics, and the wave-particle duality of particles. It explores various quantum interpretations, the necessity of a multiverse for solid matter existence, and the challenges of coherence maintenance in quantum systems. The conversation also covers the philosophical implications of quantum theory and the challenge of understanding vast numbers and complex shapes in physics and astronomy.

Susan Neiman discusses her book 'Left Is Not Woke' and the clash between emotion and logic in defining left-leaning values. They explore identity, intersectionality, being Jewish, and challenges faced by the left like proto-fascism and the climate crisis.

Robert Sapolsky, renowned neuroendocrinology researcher and Stanford professor, dives into the compelling debate on free will. He discusses how biological and environmental factors intricately shape our decisions, challenging the idea of personal agency. Through intriguing examples, like the impact of hunger on judicial choices, he reveals the depth of determinants influencing our actions. Sapolsky also reflects on the implications of these ideas for moral responsibility, encouraging a more compassionate society by questioning traditional views on praise and blame.

The Cultural Tutor, Sheehan Quirke, discusses the importance of beauty in education and the impact of the internet on art, history, and culture. They explore the perception of modern architecture and compare it to past architecture, questioning the beauty of the pyramids. The conversation also touches on gratitude, clean water, and the hazards of historical thinking. They emphasize the value of primary sources in understanding history and the significance of old newspapers and advertisements.

Jason Brennan, an American philosopher and business professor, discusses the faults and flaws of democracy, highlighting the challenges posed by political complexity and individual knowledge limitations. He explores the societal appeal and skepticism towards democracy, delves into the sociological meaning of the right to vote, compares voting to medical practice, and questions the feasibility and competence of democratic systems. The analogy of seat belt laws is used to discuss individual choice and the wider societal consequences of not voting.

French Canadian icon carver Jonathan Pageau discusses the representation of divine figures in art, the perception of brutalist buildings, biases towards old and new architecture, icons and idols, the complex connection between sexuality, religion, and evolutionary biology, and the importance of religious symbols and the misunderstanding of ancient ways of thinking.

Evolutionary biologist and author Richard Dawkins discusses Christianity, the benefits of religion, the success of Darwin's theory, analyzing views on religion and free speech, the privileged status of Christian theology, the nature of debates, and arguments on God's existence.

Ben Thomas, a philosophy YouTuber, explores nihilism, the Manosphere, and loyalty in sports teams. He discusses the purpose and impact of his YouTube channel and explores the intersection of philosophy and the Manosphere. The rising popularity of the Manosphere and its pillars are examined, along with the issues of dehumanization and prejudice. The concept of supporting non-local sports teams and the meaning of loyalty in sports are discussed. The podcast delves into nihilism and its association with existentialism, discussing whether nihilism is a rejection of all options. The relationship between nihilism and depression is explored, along with subjective destitution and embracing change to tackle nihilism and suffering.

New Testament scholar Bart Ehrman explores the history and contradictions surrounding Jesus' birth in the New Testament. They discuss the pagan roots of Christmas and its connection to Saturnalia. The chapter explores the birth narratives in Matthew and Luke, highlighting differences and shared themes. The prophetic perfect tense and prophecy fulfillment are explored, as well as contradictions in the birth narratives and a historical contradiction in the gospel. The concept and significance of the virgin birth are discussed, including the possibility of Joseph being Jesus' father.

Edward Feser, American Catholic philosopher and Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College, discusses the Aristotelean argument from motion, potentiality and actuality, hierarchical causal series, existence of an actual infinite, causality, essence and existence, and the argument from contingency.