

In Our Time
BBC Radio 4
Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Melvyn Bragg and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.
History fans can learn about pivotal wars and societal upheavals, such as the rise and fall of Napoleon, the Sack of Rome in 1527, and the political intrigue of the Russian Revolution. Those fascinated by the lives of kings and queens can journey to Versailles to meet Marie Antoinette and Louis XIV the Sun King, or to Ancient Egypt to meet Cleopatra and Nerfertiti. Or perhaps you’re looking to explore the history of religion, from Buddhism’s early teachings to the Protestant Reformation.
If you’re interested in the stories behind iconic works of art, music and literature, dive in to discussions on the artistic genius of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel and Van Gogh’s famous Sunflowers. From Gothic architecture to the works of Shakespeare, each episode of In Our Time offers new insight into humanity’s cultural achievements.
Those looking to enrich their scientific knowledge can hear episodes on black holes, the Periodic Table, and classical theories of gravity, motion, evolution and relativity. Learn how the discovery of penicillin revolutionised medicine, and how the death of stars can lead to the formation of new planets.
Lovers of philosophy will find episodes on the big issues that define existence, from free will and ethics, to liberty and justice. In what ways did celebrated philosophers such as Mary Wollstonecraft and Karl Marx push forward radical new ideas? How has the concept of karma evolved from the ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism to today? What was Plato’s concept of an ideal republic, and how did he explore this through the legend of the lost city of Atlantis?
In Our Time celebrates the pursuit of knowledge and the enduring power of ideas.
History fans can learn about pivotal wars and societal upheavals, such as the rise and fall of Napoleon, the Sack of Rome in 1527, and the political intrigue of the Russian Revolution. Those fascinated by the lives of kings and queens can journey to Versailles to meet Marie Antoinette and Louis XIV the Sun King, or to Ancient Egypt to meet Cleopatra and Nerfertiti. Or perhaps you’re looking to explore the history of religion, from Buddhism’s early teachings to the Protestant Reformation.
If you’re interested in the stories behind iconic works of art, music and literature, dive in to discussions on the artistic genius of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel and Van Gogh’s famous Sunflowers. From Gothic architecture to the works of Shakespeare, each episode of In Our Time offers new insight into humanity’s cultural achievements.
Those looking to enrich their scientific knowledge can hear episodes on black holes, the Periodic Table, and classical theories of gravity, motion, evolution and relativity. Learn how the discovery of penicillin revolutionised medicine, and how the death of stars can lead to the formation of new planets.
Lovers of philosophy will find episodes on the big issues that define existence, from free will and ethics, to liberty and justice. In what ways did celebrated philosophers such as Mary Wollstonecraft and Karl Marx push forward radical new ideas? How has the concept of karma evolved from the ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism to today? What was Plato’s concept of an ideal republic, and how did he explore this through the legend of the lost city of Atlantis?
In Our Time celebrates the pursuit of knowledge and the enduring power of ideas.
Episodes
Mentioned books

May 9, 2002 • 42min
The Examined Life
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss self-examination inspired by Socrates' philosophy. They explore the impact of Christianity on ethics, the debate on determinism, and the practical benefits of philosophy. The conversation also delves into the relationship between critical thinking, decision making, and the role of philosophy in understanding life.

17 snips
May 2, 2002 • 28min
The Physics of Reality
Explore the mind-bending concepts of Quantum Mechanics, with particles in two places at once and disappearing unpredictably. Delve into the contrast between classical physics and quantum phenomena, including Schrodinger's famous cat-in-the-box scenario. Discover debates on observer influence in quantum systems and the intriguing Many Worlds theory. Uncover the potential revolutionary impact of Quantum Mechanics on reality and consciousness.

Apr 25, 2002 • 28min
Tolstoy
Exploring Tolstoy's evolution as a novelist, his views on truth in literature, and his shift towards philosophical inquiries. Delving into Russia's socio-cultural landscape in the 19th century and Tolstoy's moral themes. The global influence of Tolstoy's religious teachings on peace movements and his personal struggles and legacy.

Apr 11, 2002 • 28min
Bohemia
Explore the medieval kingdom of Bohemia, its cultural and intellectual center in Prague, and the religious and political dissent that shaped its history. Learn about Jan Hus, the anarchist philosopher burnt at the stake, and his followers, the Hussites, who waged wars impacting Czech and German identities. Delve into Bohemia's role in exporting ideas to Europe and its division into modern Central Europe states.

Apr 4, 2002 • 28min
Extra Terrestrials
Exploring the potential for extraterrestrial life, including the presence of water and oxygen on distant planets and Jupiter's moon Europa. Discussing the origins of life, the role of extremophiles, and the theory of life seeding from Mars. Delving into the power of spectroscopy in astronomy and the search for intelligent alien life. Contemplating the uniqueness of Earth and the adaptability of life in diverse environments.

Mar 28, 2002 • 28min
The Artist
Exploring the evolution of artists from lowly craftsmen to revered intellectuals, with discussions on Plato's views, Greek myths, Renaissance individualism, and the romanticized image of artists. The podcast delves into the artist-patron relationship, the emergence of the artist's independence in the 18th century, and the transition from artisanal work to inspiration in the art world.

Mar 21, 2002 • 42min
Marriage
Delving into the history of marriage, this podcast explores the evolution from informal unions to formal vows. It discusses the shift from polygamy to monogamy, the reasons for getting married, and the influence of the church and state on personal affairs. From Babylonian codes to Lord Hardwick's marriage act, the episode covers a wide range of historical perspectives on marriage practices.

12 snips
Mar 14, 2002 • 28min
The Buddha
Explore the life and teachings of The Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, as he attains enlightenment through meditation. Learn about karma, rebirth, and Nirvana in Buddhism. Discover the influence of Buddhism in Southeast Asia and its growing popularity in the Western world. Delve into the transformative journey of the Buddha, the spread of Buddhism under Emperor Ashoka, and the significance of karma in shaping destinies. Uncover the appeal of Buddhism in the West with mindfulness practices and personal development.

Mar 7, 2002 • 28min
Milton
Explore the life of John Milton, poet and politician during English Civil Wars. Discuss his works like Paradise Lost, his views on Liberty, and his role as a pamphleteer. Debate whether he should be remembered as a poet or politician, idealist or revolutionary. With insights from experts in English Literature and Renaissance Studies.

Feb 28, 2002 • 42min
Virtue
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history and significance of virtue, exploring ideas from Plato, Aristotle, and the Christian Church. They debate whether virtue comes from reason or innate human sympathies, challenging traditional views with a modern reappraisal. The podcast delves into the origins of cardinal virtues, Aristotle's concept of magnanimity, Hume's theory of virtue, self-deception's influence on moral virtues, and the contrasting perspectives of Kant and Aristotle on morality.


