Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the concept of original sin and its influence in Christian Europe. Genesis tells the Bible’s story of creation, but it also carries within it a tale of the ‘fall of mankind’. After their primal transgression, Adam and Eve are banished from Eden and cursed by God:“Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.”What effect has this passage had on western culture, and how did the concept of an ‘original sin’ influence gender and morality in Christian Europe?With Martin Palmer, theologian and Director of the International Consultancy on Religion, Education and Culture; Griselda Pollock, Professor of Art History at the University of Leeds; John Carey, Emeritus Professor of English Literature at Oxford University.

Discussions on the intellectual advancements during China's Warring States period, with topics ranging from gentlemanly warfare to fierce power struggles, musical luxury in elite tomb culture, communist ideals of the Moists, development of ancient Chinese medicine, pursuits of immortality, and metaphorical representations in bureaucratic systems.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the 30 year search to solve all the biggest questions in physics. At the end of the last century, brave voices were predicting that all the big questions of physics were on the verge of being answered by a Theory of Everything. The disparity between the physics of the very small would finally be reconciled with the very large, and the four forces of nature would finally be united with a single set of equations. It was suggested that with such a theory we might solve the riddle of black holes, unlock the secrets of the Big Bang, probe other universes and even uncover the mystery of travelling through time. But Stephen Hawking, who once said that with a Theory of Everything “we would know the mind of God”, has changed his mind and now says that it may not be possible after all. So what are the prospects for a Theory of Everything? Why do we need one? How do we get one? And what would it mean if we did? With Brian Greene, Professor of Physics and Mathematics at Columbia University and author of The Fabric of the Cosmos; John Barrow, Professor of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge and author of The Constants of Nature; Dr Val Gibson, particle physicist from the Cavendish Laboratory and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Vikings’ myths. Thor’s huge hammer, the wailing Valkyrie, howling wolves and fierce elemental giants give a rowdy impression of the Norse myths. But at the centre of their cosmos stands a gnarled old Ash tree, from which all distances are measured and under which Valhalla lies. In the first poem of The Poetic Edda, where the stories of the Norse Gods are laid down in verse, the Seeress describes it in her prophesy: “I know that an ash-tree stands called Yggdrasil,a high tree soaked with shining loamfrom there come the dews which fall in the valley, ever green, it stands over the well of fate.” It is from this tree that the father of the Gods, Odin, will ultimately hang himself: an image of divine sacrifice so problematic for thirteenth century Christians that they left it out when they wrote the myths down.What was the theology that inspired the Vikings and what role did their myths and religion play in their daily lives?With Carolyne Larrington, Tutor in Medieval English at St John’s College, Oxford; Heather O’Donoghue, Vigfusson Rausing Reader in Ancient Icelandic Literature in the Department of English at Oxford University; John Hines, Professor of Archaeology at Cardiff University.

Key figures in psychology discuss the interpretation of dreams, exploring Freud's impact on dream analysis. They debate the purpose of dreaming, the physiological aspects of dreams, and the resurgence of interest in studying dreams as a window into human cognition.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Mughal Empire which, at its height, stretched from Bengal in the East to Gujarat in the West, and from Lahore in the North to Madras in the South.  It covered the whole of present day northern India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, and became famous for the Taj Mahal, the Koh-i-Noor and the Peacock Throne.  In 1631 a Dutch naturalist Johannes de Laet published his account of the vast Empire, “the nobles live in indescribable luxury and extravagance, caring only to indulge themselves whilst they can, in every kind of pleasure.  Their greatest magnificence is in their women’s quarters, for they marry three or four wives or sometimes more”.But were they really the opulent despots of European imagination?  If so, how did they maintain such a vast territory?  And to what extent was the success of the British Raj a legacy of their rule? With Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Professor of Indian History and Culture at the University of Oxford; Susan Stronge, Curator in the Asian Department of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London; Chandrika Kaul, Lecturer in Imperial History at the University of St Andrews.

Ernest Rutherford, the father of nuclear science, is discussed in this podcast. Topics include his pioneering work in identifying atomic components, transforming platinum into gold, and his significant role in shaping big science in the 20th century. The podcast also delves into his alchemical pursuits, experiments on atomic structure, leadership in nuclear research, and challenges faced in the evolving field of science.

Melvyn Bragg and guests delve into the concept of the sublime, discussing its evolution from Longinus to the 18th century, its impact on literature, art, and science, and its influence on perceptions of beauty, awe, and transcendence. They explore the role of language, landscapes, and emotions in evoking the sublime, as well as its engagement with gender, identity, and imagination in the works of Gothic writers, Blake, and Kant.

Delve into the Battle of Thermopylae and its significance in the clash between East and West, exploring themes of courage, freedom, and democracy. Discover the cultural and political implications of the Greek revolt against Persian rule, and the strategic brilliance of the Greek army at Plataea. Uncover contrasting ideals between Greeks and Persians, and the formation of Greek identity in the face of Persian dominance.

Delve into the fascinating world of cryptography and its historical significance, from Mary Queen of Scots' trial to modern encryption methods. Explore the evolution of ciphers, the power of one-time pads, and the intricacies of cryptographic randomness. Uncover the secrets of historical encryption techniques and the advancement of secure communication methods, shedding light on the hidden world of code-breaking.