Meet John Ruskin, a brilliant art critic who criticized Victorian society through art and architecture. He praised Gothic architecture for its imperfections and craftsmanship while condemning capitalist ideals. Learn about Ruskin's early influences, his vision of society, and his lasting impact on figures like Gandhi and Tolstoy.
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Quick takeaways
Ruskin's critique of Victorian society was rooted in a deep appreciation for Gothic architecture and its moral reflections.
His advocacy for a need-based, cooperative societal structure challenged the individualistic values of Victorian capitalism.
Deep dives
Early Life and Influences of John Ruskin
John Ruskin, a prominent art critic, was deeply influenced by his family dynamics and upbringing. Despite being born into an affluent family in South London, his family history had its share of turbulences, including mental health issues and suicides. Ruskin's mother, a devout Christian, instilled a strong religious foundation in him through regular biblical studies. His father's patronage of the arts exposed Ruskin to cultural experiences and European travels uncommon for his time.
Impact of Ruskin's 'Modern Painters'
Ruskin's 'Modern Painters', especially the assault on traditional artistic norms, marked a significant contribution at the age of 24. Challenging established painters and art rules, Ruskin elevated contemporary British artists like Turner. His passionate language in praising Turner polarized critics and attracted admiration from notable writers of his era. 'Modern Painters' symbolized a shift in artistic appreciation and deepened understanding of visual art.
Exploration of Gothic Architecture by Ruskin
In his essay on the nature of Gothic architecture, Ruskin extolled the spiritual and moral significance of the medieval era's architectural style. He viewed Gothic architecture as a profound reflection of society's health and piety, contrasting it with the perceived coldness of classical architectural forms post-Renaissance. Ruskin admired the irregularity and complex craftsmanship of Gothic structures, seeing them as communal expressions of faith and cooperative endeavors. His critique of classical revival depicted a societal decline from the spiritually rich era of Gothic art.
Ruskin's Socioeconomic Critique and Legacy
Ruskin's later works, like 'Unto This Last', vehemently criticized Victorian capitalism and advocated for a cooperative, morally grounded societal structure. He opposed the individualistic and wealth-driven ideas of political economy, suggesting a more equitable and need-based system. Despite facing backlash and alienation for his radical views, Ruskin's influence spanned international figures like Gandhi and Tolstoy, emphasizing the enduring impact of his socio-economic critiques and holistic worldview.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and work of John Ruskin. He was the most brilliant art critic of his age, perhaps the most brilliant that Britain has ever produced, but he was much more than that. A champion of Turner and an enemy of Whistler, he placed the study of art and architecture at the heart of a moral assault on Victorian life. In the stone work of a Gothic cathedral, Ruskin saw all that was right about medieval society and all that was wrong about his own capitalist age.But why was Ruskin so critical of his own time? What deep currents of thought infused his ideas? And how much does our thinking, about society, the environment, art and work owe to this unusual man?With Dinah Birch, Professor of English, Liverpool University; Keith Hanley, Professor of English Literature and Director of the Ruskin Programme, Lancaster University; Stefan Collini, Professor of Intellectual History and English Literature, University of Cambridge.
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