Delve into the profound philosophy of Heraclitus, the weeping philosopher, who believed in constant change and the unity of opposites. Explore his enigmatic sayings and his influence on major philosophers like Plato and the Stoics. Unravel the concept of Logos and its implications on human progress. Discover how Heraclitus' ideas continue to shape modern philosophies and enjoy a humorous anecdote about his supposed death.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss poet Christina Rossetti, exploring her family background, religious themes in her poetry, and her influence on later writers. Topics include her health challenges, the religious themes in Goblin Market, her unique poetic style influenced by tractarian principles, and her portrayal of women in her works.

Delving into the rebellious spirit of Judas Maccabeus and his fight against the Seleucid Empire for religious freedom. Highlighting the struggles for political independence and the restoration of the Temple of Jerusalem. Exploring the enduring legacy of the Maccabees on Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and European history.

Discover the life and works of Ptolemy, his Earth-centered model of the universe, and his influence on astronomy and astrology. Explore the importance of The Handy Tables in ancient astronomy and Ptolemy's emphasis on mathematical precision. Delve into Ptolemy's legacy, views on divinity, and his intricate instruments for astronomical observations. Learn about his planetary theories, astrology versus astronomy, and the eventual shift in astronomical understanding by Copernicus and Kepler.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Continental-Analytic split in philosophy, exploring the diverging paths of Western thought, the influence of key philosophers like Nietzsche and Heidegger, and the ongoing debate on bridging the gap between the two schools of philosophy.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the origins, science, and mythology of the Moon, exploring its role in human civilization and the ongoing mysteries of its geological formations. They delve into the moon's formation, composition, and historical significance, including the impact of Apollo missions and recent discoveries of water on the Moon. The conversation highlights the moon's cosmic history, scientific potential, and the prospects of lunar colonization.

Melvyn Bragg and guests delve into the Siege of Tenochtitlan, discussing the rise and fall of the Aztec Empire, societal dynamics, the impressive city layout, Cortes' ambitious journey, strategic alliances, the devastation caused by smallpox, and the broader repercussions of the fall on indigenous groups and Spanish colonization.

Art historian Melvyn Bragg dives into Delacroix's 'Liberty Leading the People,' discussing its symbolic representation of liberty during the 1830 Paris revolution. They explore Delacroix's background, the July Revolution, and the controversial depiction of violence. The painting's legacy and cultural impact are also explored, shedding light on its enduring significance in the art world.

Exploring the Ming Voyages led by Zheng He in the 15th century, spanning from India to East Africa with treasures and exotic finds. The voyages showcased the Ming Empire's might but faced criticism for extravagance. The political tensions and power struggles within the Ming dynasty and the impact on China's relationship with the world.

David Hume, a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, was discussed by Melvyn Bragg and guests. They explored Hume's empiricist beliefs, skeptical views on religion, and his influence on prominent thinkers. Topics included human nature, morality, and Hume's lasting impact on philosophy.